Hazelton
a city in Luzerne co., Pa., on the Pennsylvania, the Wilkes- Barre and Hazelton, and the Lehigh 1 Valley railroads; 115 miles N. W. of Philadelphia. It is the center of the Lehigh anthracite coal region, with 40 mines in the vicinity. Besides its coal mining and shipping interests, the city has railroad shops, iron works, and extensive manufactures of flax, brooms, silk, macaroni, chewing gum, and coffins. It is the seat of the Miners' State hospital; has electric lights and street railways, public high school, Hazelton Seminary, daily and weekly newspapers, and 2 National banks. Pop. (1910) 25,452; (1920) 32,267.
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Hazlitt
WILLIAM, an English author and critic; born in 1778. Educated for the clerical profession, Hazlitt, after a brief attempt at an art career, decided to enter literature, and in 1805 produced his "Principles of Human Action." This was the germ of a long and successful literary career, during which he gave to the world his "Lectures on the Literature of the Elizabethan Age"; "Table Talk"; "Lectures on the English Poets"; "The Spirit of the Age," and "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte." He died in 1830.
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Hazlitt, William
William (1778-1830), an English essayist and critic. He was born at Maidstone, Kent. He entered a Unitarian college, but found the study of art and literature more congenial than that of theology. He determined to become a painter, but after some years renounced art for literature. He was one of the group of writers called the "Cockney School," but he quarreled with Leigh Hunt, with Lamb, and with Moore. He also attacked his older friends, Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth. He wrote many political articles, criticisms on art and on theatrical subjects, and delivered lectures on English philosophy, English poets, and on subjects connected with the stage. His best known works are Characters of Shakespeare's Plays, A View of the English Stage, Lectures on the English Poets, Lectures on the English Comic Writers, Lectures on the Elizabethan Age.
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Hazlitt, William Carew
William Carew (1834-), a grandson of William Hazlitt, has produced a number of books, among which may be named History of the Venetian Republic, Memoirs of William Hazlitt, Four Generations of a Literary Family, and Leisure Intervals.
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Head
An extension added to the top end of a casting when the mould is poured in a vertical position and it is desired to obtain a surface that is free from scum and dirt. The sullage is pushed beyond the limits of the casting, lodging in the "head," leaving the former clean. Another form of riser is one into which the metal is forced by head pressure after the mould is full, and may, if placed on the top, answer as a dirt receiver, or serve as a means for feeding. See RISER.
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Health Association
AMERI- CAN PUBLIC, an association of public officials and other individuals interested in the promotion of sanitary science in its relation to municipal government. The organization had its origin in 1872, when, on April 18, an informal conference was held in New York City, at which were represented five States and five cities. A committee was appointed to draw up a constitution for a national institute of sanitary science. In the following September the constitution was formally adopted and officers were 1 elected. The association has since published a great deal of literature on public sanitation and has devoted much energy to education along these lines. Its official organ is "The American Journal of Public Health."
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Heap-sand
The common sand on the foundry floor. When a moulder is using a certain quantity of sand every day for filling a set number of flasks with, he usually collects it in a heap close by, and designates it as heap-sand; in contradistinction to the facing-sand or new-sand employed in the immediate vicinity of his pattern. See FLOOR-SAND; OLD-SAND; FACING-SAND. Hearth is that part of a smelting-furnace where the ore accumulates and is finally separated from the impurities which may be present in the ores. It is situated at the bottom of the furnace, a little above the mouth of the tuyeres. The term is also applied to the bottoms of finery, open-hearth, and reverberatory furnaces, where the metal is exposed to the action of fire. See BLAST-FURNACE.
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Hearn
LAFCADIO, an American journalist; born of an English father and a Greek mother, in Santa Maura, Ionian Islands, June 27, 1850. He was educated in England and France, and resided in the United States and in Japan. He wrote "Some Chinese Ghosts" (1887); "Two Years in the French West Indies" (1890); "Youma" (1890); "Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan," and several "Kokoro: Hints and Echoes of Japanese other books on Japan, including Inner Life"; "Gleanings in Buddha Fields" (1897); "In Ghostly Japan" (1899); "Shadowings" (1900); etc. He died at Tokio, Sept. 27, 1904.
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Hearn, Lafcadio
Lafcadio (1850-1904), an international author and journalist. He was born in the Ionian Isles of Irish and Greek parentage and died in Tokio, Japan. He resided for a number of years in Cincinnati, New Orleans , and New York , and later in Japan. Hearn's first success came as a reporter for a city daily. At the time of his death he was professor of English literature in the University of Tokio. He had become a Japanese subject with the name of Yakumo Koizumi. He is well known as the author of numerous books relating to the life, literature, history, customs, superstitions, and religion of Japan. He is considered by Americans, at least, the ablest foreign interpreter the Mikado and his flowery kingdom have ever had. Among his books may be mentioned Some Chinese Ghosts, Chita: A Memory of Lost Island, Out of the East, Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, Kokovo, and Kotto or Japanese Curios.
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Hearse
a carriage for conveying the dead to burial. The hearse is roofed usually and has plate glass sides, with a door at the rear through which to admit the coffin. Trappings of hearses for adults are traditionally black. White hearses are coming into use for children and may very probably replace the black hearse altogether. In Paris an automobile hearse carries casket and mourners at the rate of thirty miles an hour. The origin of the name is interesting. The earlier spelling of the word is herce. The herce was a harrow. A framework with spikes on which to affix candles was used at funerals. From its resemblance to the well known agricultural implement it was called a funeral herce, or harrow. Later this simple frame, which, by the way, is still used in Roman Catholic churches, was developed into an elaborate framework or canopy that stood over the bier. When this canopy was mounted on wheels and became a vehicle for the conveyance of the dead, its name went with it. Without a knowledge of the intervening steps, it certainly would seem odd to speak of carrying the dead to burial in a harrow. See Burial
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