Heraclitus
A celebrated Greek philosopher of Ephesus, who lived about 500 years before the Christian era. He received the appellation of the Obscure Philosopher and the Mourner, from his custom of weeping at the follies and frailties of human life. 2026 Editor's Note: Known as "the weeping philosopher" for his melancholia, Heraclitus is often contrasted with the atomist Democritus, the "laughing philosopher." His philosophy centered on the concept of constant flux, famously captured in the phrase panta rhei ("everything flows"). He identified fire as the arche , or fundamental element, and proposed that the logos provided a divine structure to the world. (Ed: BR 2026-06-19)
Only in 1000 Classical Characters
Herat
a city of Afghanistan, and capital of an independent state; in a plain near the Herirood river, 360 miles W. by N. of Kabul. It is well fortified, and surrounded by a wet ditch, mound, and bastioned wall. It contains a number of caravanseries, public baths, reservoirs, and numerous mosques, besides a strong citadel. Herat is the emporium of the commerce carried on between Kabul and Bokhara, Hindustan, and Persia, and is a grand central mart for the products of India, China, Tartary, Afghanistan, and Persia. The local manufactures include carpets, leather, caps, cloaks, shoes, etc. This place has often been ravaged by various conquerors disputing the empire of Asia. The position of Herat is one of the greatest possible importance, and has been well described as the "Gate of India"; for within the limits of the Heratee country all the great roads leading to India converge. By the Herat route alone could a formidable and well-equipped army march upon the Indian frontier from the N. W. regions. Pop. about 20,000. See AFGHANISTAN.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Herb
erb, a plant that dies to the ground each season. Herbs are annuals, biennials, or perennials. Annuals die root and branch on the approach of winter. Corn, wheat, cucumbers, tomatoes, pigweed, foxtail, peas, and beans are annuals. Carrots, onions, cabbage, and mullein, if planted from the seed, grow a root or bulb or root-stock one season, die down to the ground, and produce seed the second season. They are biennials. In their native countries the roots live over winter in the ground. Perennial herbs make underground arrangements each season for spring growth, and die down to the ground. Timothy, Kentucky blue grass , strawberries, hollyhocks, tansy, nearly all wild sunflowers, asters, goldenrod, and water lilies are perennial herbs. Theoretically the clump of a perennial plant will grow year after year in the same spot to the end of time.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Herbart, Johann Friedrich
Johann Friedrich (1776-1841), a distinguished German psychologist. He was a student of Fichte at Jena and became a professor in the universities of Konigsberg and Gottingen. His psychological lectures and writings are celebrated for their application to educational questions. Students of his theory are known as Herbartians. Among other doctrines emphasized by him that now seem but common sense is that of interest, namely, that a child can learn to best advantage when interested in a subject.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Herbert
GEORGE, an English poet, brother of Lord Herbert of Cherbury; born in 1593. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. From 1619 till 1627 he was university orator. The death of James I. in 1625 put an end to his prospects of civil promotion, and in the same year he took orders, and became a prebendary in the diocese of Lincoln. În 1630 he took priest's orders, and was presented to the rectory of Bemerton, near Salisbury, in Wiltshire. His collection of religious poems, "The Temple," was published in 1631 and the "Jacula Prudentum," a collection of proverbs, in 1640. His chief prose work was "The Country Parson" (1652). He died in 1633.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Herder, Johann Gottfried
Johann Gottfried (1744-1803), a German poet, critic, and thinker. He was the son of a poor schoolmaster. He worked his way through the University of Konigsberg. He held various positions as a tutor, teacher, and pastor. Through the influence of Goethe he was invited to accept a position as court preacher at Weimar. He was a man of profound thought and intense patriotism,--one who had a wondrous quickening influence on those whom he met. He lived at a time when Germans looked up to France in literature as well as in politics. He was one of a small group of men who succeeded in making the Germans believe for the first time that they had as much mental ability as the French. He wrote poems and essays. He criticised the literary productions of his day, showing his countrymen that what was written in imitation of French writers was worthless, and the really good bits of literature that had appeared treated German subjects in a German way. His masterpiece is considered Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind. The Stuttgart edition of his complete works runs into sixty volumes. His is one of the great names in the history of German thought, not so much for felicity of expression, for his writing is faulty and awkward, as for his influence on younger men. Even Goethe said that the very sight of Herder's handwriting set him on to be up and doing.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Heredity
the transmission from parent to offspring of physical and intellectual characters.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Hereford
the county-town of Herefordshire, England, 144 miles W. N. W. of London. Its noble cathedral was built between 1079 and 1535, and so exhibits every variety of style from Norman to Perpendicular.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Heriot
. See Edinburgh
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Herkimer
a village of New York, the county-seat of Herkimer co. It is on the Mohawk river and on the Erie and Barge canals, and on the New York Central and Hudson River and the Otsego and Herkimer railroads. It is the center of an important dairying region and has manufactures of knit goods, office desks, beds, furniture, paper boxes, mattresses, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,520; (1920) 10,453.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Herkomer
SIR HUBERT, an English painter; born in Waal, Bavaria, May 26, 1849. At an early age he settled with his parents in the United States and subsequently in England. He joined the Institute of Painters in Water Colors in 1871. His oil picture, "After the Toil of Day," in the Academy exhibition of 1873, was followed by his "Last Muster," which gained him the "grand medal of honor" at the Paris Exhibition of 1878. He was in 1879 elected an A. R. A. After 1880 he devoted much time to portraiture, and his portrait of Miss Grant is one of his many successes in that branch of art. He founded the Herkomer School of Art, at Bushey, in 1883; was elected a Royal Academician in 1890; was Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Oxford in 1885-1895; and was elected an Associate of the French Academy of Fine Arts in 1895. He died in 1914. town of Rumania, formerly capital of
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia