Single-source entries: H (39)

Hit

a town of Turkey in Asia, on the Euphrates, 85 miles W. N. W. of Bagdad. It has pits of bitumen, which have been worked from time immemorial, and naphtha springs.

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Hitchcock, Edward

Edward (1793-1864), an American geologist. He was born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, May 24, 1793, and died at Amberst, February 27, 1864. He began life as principal of an academy, and was for a time pastor of the Congregational church at Conway. His taste for chemistry and natural history, and the writing of a popular work entitled The Geology of the Connecticut Valley, secured him a chair in Amherst College . In 1845 he was made president and also professor of natural theology and geology, rather a remarkable combination. In the United States , at least, geology was in its infancy. He had a rich field, and won distinction among European scientists. His study of fossil footprints in the sandstones of the Connecticut Valley was regarded as a piece of fine work. His geological work has been continued ably by his son Charles Henry Hitchcock, now professor of geology in Dartmouth College.

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Hitopadesa

a collection of fables and stories in Sanskrit literature, usually ascribed to the compilation of the Brahman Vishnusarman. It is a popular summary in four books of the larger work, the famous "Panchatantra," which directly and indirectly has been the source whence a rich stream of folk-tales has flowed over Europe.

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Hivaoa

an island in the South Pacific Ocean, the largest of the S. W. group of the Marquesas; 22 miles long E. to W.; about 10 miles greatest breadth. It is mountainous, and bears indications of volcanic eruptions. Pop. about 3,500.

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Hivites

a Canaanitish people, the main body of whom lived in the region from Lebanon and Hermon to Hamath, but who had colonies, apparently isolated, in Southern Palestine, as at Gibeon. HLASSA. See LHASSA.

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Hmin Nat

An evil spirit. (See Burma .)

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Hoar

EBENEZER ROCKWOOD, an American jurist; born in Concord, Mass., Feb. 21, 1816; was judge of the Massachusetts Supreme Court in 1859-1869; United States attorney-general in 1869- 1870; joint high commissioner on the Treaty of Washington in 1871, and member of Congress in 1873-1875. He was the son of Samuel Hoar, a lawyer and member of Congress in 1835-1837, and his mother was a daughter of Roger Sherman. He died in Concord, Mass., Jan. 31, 1895.

GEORGE FRISBIE, an American statesman; born in Concord, Mass., GEORGE FRISBIE HOAR Aug. 29, 1826; a brother of Ebenezer R.; was a member of Congress in 1869- 1877; member of the Electoral Commission in 1877; and was elected United States Senator in the same year, and in 1888, 1889, 1895, and 1901. Died at Worcester, Mass., Sept. 30, 1904.

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Hoarhound

a plant of the mint family. The common white hoarhound occurs native in Europe, northern Africa, and northern Asia. The square stems are covered with a hoary down, whence the popular name of the plant. The blossoms are sessile and crowded into a dense whorl at the base of the leaf. When cut in bloom, the leaves are charged with a volatile, aromatic oil, known to the druggist as hoarhound. It is used in flavoring candy, and in medicine as a remedy for coughs and asthma. It is obtained from the leaves by distillation. Mongolian Sow. Bavarian Sow. Yorkshire Sow and Boar. Berkshire Boar. Hogs

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Hoarseness

an affection of the throat causing harshness and roughness of voice, due to irregular and imperfect bringing together of the vocal cords, most frequently from swelling of the mucous membrane of the cords, and excessive secretion of mucus in their neighborhood.

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Hoatzin

or HOACTZIN, Opisthocomus cristatus, a singular gregarious South American bird, sometimes called the crested touraco. The plumage is brown streaked with white, and the head has a movable crest. It is of the size of a pheasant, and has an enormous crop with a very small gizzard.

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Hobart

Hobart Town, the capital of Tasmania; at the foot of Mount Wellington (4,166 feet), on the Derwent river; about 12 miles from its mouth. Among the public buildings are the government house, the government offices, the houses of Parliament, town hall, postoffice, museum, Episcopal and Roman Catholic cathedrals. There are several jam manufactories, breweries, flour mills, tanneries, a woolen factory, etc.; and in connection with the shipping interest first-class patent slips. Pop. (1917) 40,352.

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Hobart College

an institution for higher education, at Geneva, N. Y. In 1919 the faculty numbered 26, and the students 95. The library contains about 60,000 volumes, and the annual income amounts to about $85,000. President, M. Bartkett, D.D. HOBART, GARRET AUGUSTUS, a Vice-President of the United States; born in Long Branch, N. J., June 3, 1844; was graduated at Rutgers College in 1863, and admitted to the bar in GARRET A. HOBART 1869; practiced in Paterson, N. J.; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1873-1874, and speaker during the latter year. Later he was chosen a member of the State Senate, of which he was president in 1881-1882. In Novem- HOBBEMA ber, 1896, he was elected Vice-President of the United States. He died in Paterson, N. J., Nov. 21, 1899.

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Hobbema

MEINDERT or MIN- DERHOUT (hob'ēmä), a Dutch landscape painter; born in Amsterdam in 1638. His paintings consist chiefly of forest scenes, ruins, villages, etc., and are highly valued for their excellence in perspective and coloring. The figures in them were generally painted by others. He died in 1709.

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Hobbes

THOMAS, an English philosopher; born in Malmesbury, in 1588. He lived on intimate terms with Bacon, Ben Jonson and all the distinguished men of his time; he became tutor to the Prince of Wales, afterward Charles II., and though many of his philosophical and political opinions have been condemned, he must be considered the father of psychology, and the first great English writer on the science of government. His principal works are the treatises "On the Citizen" and "The Leviathan," both of which were censured by Parliament in 1666; "Human Nature"; "On the Body Politic"; "On Liberty, Necessity and Cause"; and "Behemoth." He died in 1679.

JOHN OLIVER, pseudonym of PEARL MARY TERESA CRAIGIE, an American novelist and dramatist; born in Boston, Mass., Nov. 3, 1867. In 1887 she married Reginald Walpole Craigie, from whom she obtained a divorce and the custody of her child, in July, 1895. She was educated in Paris and London. Her works include: "Some Emotions and a Moral" (1891); "A Bundle of Life" (1894); "Journeys End in Lovers Meeting," proverb in one act, written for Miss Ellen Terry (1894); "The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham" (1895); "School for Saints" (1897); "Robert Orange" (1900). She died Aug. 3, 1906.

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