Herschel
SIR JOHN FREDER- ICK WILLIAM, an English astronomer and physicist; only son of Sir William Herschel; born in Slough, near Windsor, England, March 7, 1792. In 1813 he graduated at Cambridge. He spent eight years reviewing the nebulæ and clusters of stars discovered by his father. The results were given in 1833 to the Royal Society in the form of a catalogue of stars. In 1830 he produced his excellent " Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy." In 1834 he established, at his own expense, an observatory at Feldhuysen, near Cape Town, Africa. He returned to England in 1838 and in 1847 published "Results of Astronomical Observations made during 1834-1838 at the Cape of Good Hope, being the Completion of a Telescopic Survey of the Whole Surface of the Visible Heavens." He was one of the earliest pioneers in photography; and on the queen's coronation he was created a baronet. Among his other works are "Outlines of Astronomy," "Far Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects," and a translation of the Iliad in verse. He died May 11, 1871.
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Herschelian Rays
non-luminous rays outside the red of the solar spectrum; they were first discovered by Sir William Herschel. HERSCHELITE (named after Sir John Herschel), an orthorhombic, colorless or white translucent mineral of somewhat vitreous luster optically biaxial. Found at Acireale in Sicily.
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Herstal
or HERISTAL, a city of Belgium in the province of Liège. It is on the left bank of the Meuse river. It is an important iron and steel center and has munition works, manufactures of bicycles, etc. In the vicinity are important coal mines. Pop. about 23,000.
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Herter
ALBERT, an American artist, born in New York City in 1871. He studied in New York and in Paris, received honorable mention in the Paris Salon in 1890 and several medals and prizes for excellency in painting. He mural was especially eminent as a painter and was a member of many art and architectural societies.
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Hertford
the county town of Hertfordshire, England, 26 miles N. of London; on the Lea river. It contains few buildings of any architectural importance, save one ancient church; but there is a town hall (1768), and on London Road is a preparatory school in connection with Christ's Hospital, London. A considerable trade is carried on in corn, malt, and flour. Of the old castle of Hertford, commenced by Edward the Elder about 905 to protect the inhabitants from the incursions of the Danes, and strengthened by William the Conqueror, only a small portion now remains. Pop. (1918) 10,384.
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Hertfordshire
a county of England, bounded on the E. by Essex, on the ' S .. by Middlesex, on the W. by Buckingham and Bedford, and on the N. by Cambridge. It has an area of about 630 square miles. Agriculture is the chief industry. The capital is Hertford.
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Hertling
GEORG COUNT VON, was for many years professor of history at Sens, but the publication of antimilitarist articles in 1901 brought about his dismissal. He was imprisoned in 1905 and several times thereafter for opposing compulsory military service. Public opinion, however, brought about his release. He published a paper called He "La Guerre Sociale" in which he voiced his anti-national views. He encouraged strikes among workmen and upheld sabotage; also wrote several books attacking organized government; and was probably the most radical and outspoken of French Socialists. However, when France was drawn into the war in 1914, he heartily supported the Government.
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Hertz
JOSEPH HERMAN, chief rabbi of the United Hebrew congregations of the British Empire since 1913. He was born at Rebrin, Hungary, in 1872, and emigrated as child to New York, where he was educated. Rabbi at Syracuse, N. Y., till 1898, and at till 1911. He Johannesburg from 1898 halsburg Public Library, founder of the Jewish Board of Deputies for the Transvaal, and professor of philosophy at the Transvaal University College. He was rabbi of the Congregation Arach Chayim, New York, in 1912. His works include: "Ethical System of James Martineau"; Bachya Jewish " , Thomas à Kempis"; "The Jew in South Africa"; "Book of Jewish Thoughts," etc. HERVÉ, GUSTAVE, a French Socialist, born near Brest in 1871. He
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Hervey
JAMES, an English author; born in Hardingstone, near Northampton, England, Feb. 26, 1714. He was educated at Oxford, and then took orders. The best of his works were Contemplations" "Meditations and (1746), including his most famous production, "Meditations among the Tombs." He died Dec. 25, 1758.
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Hervey
WALTER LOWRIE, an American educator born at Mount Vernon, O., in 1862. He graduated from Princeton University in 1886. For sevcht Latin and Greek in eral years he taught secondary schools and became professor of history and institutes of education at Teachers College, New York, and was dean of the faculty of this institution from 1889 to 1891. In 1891 and 1892 he was acting president and president from 1892 to 1897. He filled several responsible positions in the educational system of New York, and wrote much on educational subjects, including "Picture Work" (1896); "Daily Lesson (1912); and "Introductory Plans" Second Reader" (1914). HERVEY ARCHIPELAGO. See COOK ISLANDS.
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Herzegovina
or HERSEK (her'sek), a former province of the Ottoman Empire, nominally forming (with the exception of Ca Castelnuova, and some adjoining districts) a part of the eyalet or pashalic of Bosnia; bounded N. by Bosnia, S. by Montenegro, Bosnia, and W. by Dalmatia; area 3,616 square miles; pop. about 300.000. Capital, Mostar; pop. about 20,000. Its political and and ethnographical characters coincide with those of Bosnia, though it differs in physical character. Herzegovina was occupied in 1878 under the Berlin treaty, and the government was administered by Austria-Hungary until October, 1908, when the dual monarchy extended full sovereignty over Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Powers were forced to acquiesce in the repudiation of the Berlin treaty, Serbia protesting. With the break up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following the European War of 1914-1918, Herzegovina, by the Peace Treaty of 1919, becomes a province of Jugoslavia.
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Herzl
THEODOR, founder of the Zionist movement, born in Budapest in 1860. He studied law, engaged in literary work and was literary editor of the Vienna "Neue Freie Presse." In 1896 he published "Der Judenstaat," which advocated the establishment of a selfgoverning Jewish state in Palestine. He soon became the leader of the Zionist movement which was heartily supported throughout the world. Until his death in 1904 he devoted his time and energy in furthering this movement which became a reality in 1920. 1
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