Hofmann
JOSEF, a famous Polish musician; born in Cracow in 1877, but in America. After at present residing studying with his father, a celebrated musician of Warsaw, and with Rubinstein, he made his début as a pianist JOSEF HOFMANN when but six years of age, and proved himself one of the most celebrated of musical prodigies. When he was ten years old, having already toured Europe, he came to America. Returning to Europe he lived in retirement until 1894 when he again toured the Continent and the United States. No living pianist is his superior, and he is equally at home in classic, romantic or modern music.
AUGUST WILHELM, a German chemist; born in Giessen, April 8, 1818. After obtaining the degree of doctor of philosophy, he became assistant to Liebig in the laboratory at Gies- It was in the course of researches sen. that from coal-products he obtained ani- "Introduction to Modern Chemistry" led to great reforms in the teaching of chemistry. He died May 5, 1892.
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Hog's Fennel
the umbelliferous genus Peucedanum, more particularly P. officinale, a plant found, but very rarely, in salt marshes. The root yields a stimulant resin; the plant has an odor of sulphur. Called also common or sea sulphurwort or harestrong.
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Hog-Plum
the popular name of the plants belonging to the genus Spondias, order Anacardiaceæ. Some of the species yield pleasant fruits, as S. purpurea and S. lutea of the West Indies, the species generally called hog-plum, because their fruit is a common food for hogs.
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Hog-Rat
a genus (Capromys) of rodent animals, family Muridæ (mice), different species of which, including the musk-cavy, are found in the West Indies.
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Hogarth
WILLIAM, an English artist and humorist; born in London in 1697. He was apprenticed at an early age to a silversmith, but at the expiration of his term, in 1718, he took to engraving in copper. In 1730 he married the only daughter of Sir James Thornhill, against her father's consent, and set up for himself as a portrait-painter with considerable success. Hogarth now commenced his remarkable series of satirical painting reflecting on the social abuses of his time: viz., the "Harlot's Progress" (1734); the "Rake's Progress' (1735); and the "Marriage à la Mode" (1745) In 1753 he appeared as the author of "Analysis of Beauty, written with a View of Fixing the Fluctuating Ideas of Taste." In 1757 he was appointed sergeant-painter to the king. He died in London, Oct. 26, 1764.
DAVID GEORGE, an Humber in 1862. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and from 1886 to 1893 was tutor at that college. He traveled extensively in Asia Minor and excavated many historic sites in that region and in Egypt. He was director of the British School at Athens from 1897 to 1900 and in 1909 was appointed keeper of the Ashmolean Mu- Keeper seum at Oxford. His published writings include "A Wandering Scholar in the Levant" (1896); "The Nearer East" (1902); "Ionia and the East" (1909); "Accidents of an Antiquary's Life" (1910).
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Hogarth, William
ho'garth, William (1697-1764), a celebrated London painter and engraver. His subjects were mainly the follies and vices of the great metropolis. The Harlot's Progress and The Rake's Progress were series of seven pictures each, depicting the downfall and bitter end of a young woman and of a young man respectively. A similar series, Marriage a la Mode, satirizes the follies of high life. These pictures and many others, as The Sleeping Congregation and The Election of a Member of Parliament, had a wide circulation as volumes of engravings, and were influential in reforming London society. See Caricature
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Hogen-Mogen
a sobriquet for Holland, a corruption of Hooge en Mogendé ("High and Mighty"), the Dutch term of address to their States- General.
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Hogg
JAMES, a Scotch poet; born in Selkirkshire in 1770. After receiving a very scanty education, he began to earn his bread by daily labor as a shepherd. His early rhymings brought him under the notice of Sir Walter Scott, by whose advice he published a volume of ballads, "The Mountain Bard." He published the "Forest Minstrel" (1810), and the "Queen's Wake" in 1813, which established his reputation as a poet. In 1815 he published his "Pilgrims of the Sun," followed by "Mador of the Moor," "Queen Hynde," and "Dramatic Tales." He died in Altrive, on the Yarrow, in 1835. HOGMANAY (ho-man-ā' or hog'men-ë), a name applied in Scotland to the last day of the year, Dec. 31, often celebrated with holiday festivities in connection with the New-year's Day.
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Hogg, James
James (1772-1835), a Scottish poet. He was born in the Ettrick Forest in Selkirkshire. He attended the parish school. He was bred a shepherd. His first song appeared anonymously. In the summer of 1801 Scott visited the Ettrick Forest in search of material for Border Minstrelsy. The inhabitants directed him to Hogg as a man of poetic acquirements. Hogg interested himself in taking down ballads from the lips of the old inhabitants. Many of these appeared in Scott's forthcoming volume. This acquaintance with Scotland's greatest man of letters proved a stimulus to Hogg. He wrote with regularity, signing himself "The Ettrick Shepherd." He made various attempts to manage a farm for himself, but each time succeeded in losing whatever money he had secured from his publications. His most celebrated production is the Queen's Wake. He wrote a number of prose volumes, including The Brownie of Bodsbeck, Winter Evening Tales, Song Sermons, etc. Chambers is authority for the statement, that "After Burns, Hogg is unquestionably the greatest peasant poet which Scotland has produced."
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Hogmanay
hog-ma-na', the last day and evening of the old year. At this season the country people and young folks of north England and the Lowlands of Scotland were wont to go from door to door calling out "Hogmanay." They expected to be welcomed with small presents. The greeting seems to carry the meaning of "Christmas gift" and "Happy New Year" combined. The custom is thought to owe its origin to an ancient Druid cry or phrase of greeting, meaning "To the Mistletoe, the New Year." The cottar weanies, glad and gay, Wi' pocks out owre their shoulder, Sing at the doors for hogmanay. See Hallowe'En ; Holiday; New Year
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