Hibernia
the ancient name of Ireland, applied to it first by Julius Cæsar. Aristotle mentions this island by the name of Ierne; Pomponius Mela calls it Iverna; Ptolemy, Iuvernia.
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Single-source entries: H (44)
These 10 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Hibernia, Hibernians, Hibiscus.
Hibernians
ANCIENT ORDER OF, an Irish society having for its object the safeguarding of religion and nationality. The society had its origin in an edict against the Catholic religion issued in 1562 by the Earl of Sussex, then lord-lieutenant of Ireland, prohibiting priests from sleeping in Dublin and ordering Catholics, under penalties, not to attend Catholic services. As a result Prince Ruadhri, of the house of O'Moore, founded "The Defenders," and through their assistance the priests said mass in the mountains. Following Catholic emancipation in 1829 the society was reorganized under its present name and extended to Scotland, the United States, and Canada. The society has actively supported the Gaelic movement and established a chair for Irish language and Irish literature at the Catholic University of America. In 1914 the order had a membership of over 250,000, including the ladies' auxiliary. In 1913 over $2,500,000 was disbursed for various purposes. In 1919 the order declared itself on the side of the Irish Republic, and set itself to work for its recognition by the United States.
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Hibiscus
in botany, the typical genus of the malvaceous tribe Hibisceæ. The involucel is of several leaves, calyx with five divisions, petals five, stamens forming a sheath which incloses the fivebranched style. Fruit five-celled, many seeded. They are plants with large showy flowers, found chiefly, though not exclusively, in tropical countries. In the West Indies H. arborea furnishes tenacious fibers, which are made into whips. Those of H. cannabinus constitute the sun of India, used as a substitute for hemp. H. syriacus and H. rosa sinensis are ornamental; the astringent plants of the latter are used by the Chinese to blacken their eyebrows and the leather of their shoes. More than 100 species of the genus are known.
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Hiccough
or HICCUP, a series of sudden, rapid, and brief inspirations, followed by by expiration accompanied by noise. It is generally caused by irritation of the stomach. It also accompanies certain fevers.
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Hichborn
PHILIP, an American naval officer, born in Charlestown, Mass., in 1839. He studied in the Boston public schools and for a time worked in the Boston Navy Yard, afterward becoming master shipwright of the Mare Island Navy Yard in 1862. In 1868 he entered the navy with the rank of lieutenant and served as assistant naval constructor till 1875, when he became full constructor. In 1879 he was sent to Europe to report on foreign dock yards. His researches on that subject resulted in a text book which became standard . He served on many important naval boards, in 1893 was made chief constructor of the navy, and had much to do with the creation of the American modern navy. He was retired in 1901 with the rank of rearadmiral. His published writings include "European Dockyards," "Standard Boats," and "Sheathed and Unsheathed Ships ." He invented the Franklin life buoy and the Hichborn balanced turrets.
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Hichens
ROBERT SMYTHE, an English journalist and novelist; born in Speldhurst, Kent, England, Nov. 14, 1864. Though at the age of 17 he wrote a novel which was actually published, he seems to have been most bent on a musical career; but he wearied of music, and turned to journalism. In 1893 he visited Egypt for his health, and while there conceived the idea which materialized in the " Imaginative Man" amara), the pig-nut hickory, or hog nut or broom hickory (C. porcina), the nutmeg hickory (C. myristicæ formis), etc. The hickory of New South Wales is Eucalyptus sturatiana and E. resinifera.
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Hicks
ELIAS, an American clergyman; born in Hempstead, N. Y., March 19, 1748; began his ministry among the Quakers in 1775 and devoted himself untiringly to his work for over 50 years without any compensation . He was an active abolitionist and in company with others was instrumental in inducing the State of New York to pass an act which, on July 4, 1827, liberated all slaves within its borders . His doctrinal views, which were not acceptable to many Quakers, led to a disruption of the society, and a body adhering to his teachings was organized under the name of "Hicksites." His publications include "Observations on Slavery" (1811); "The Letters of Elias Hicks " (1834); etc. He died in Jericho, N. Y., Feb. 27, 1830. ED-
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Hicks-Beach
MICHAEL, WARD, VISCOUNT ST. ALDWYN, an English statesman and financier, born in London in 1837. He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1864 he was elected to Parliament and again in 1885, serving till 1906 . From 1874 to 1878 he was Chief Secretary for Ireland, nd, serving again in that capacity in 1886-1887 . From 1878 to 1880 he was Secretary of State for the Colonies. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Salisbury in 1885. He was at the same time leader of the House of Commons. This office he held for one year. From 1888 to 1892 (1895). He also wrote "The Green Car- he was president of the Board of Trade nation" (1894), "After Tomorrow," and "New Love" (1895 ); "The Folly of Eustace and Other Stories" (1896); "Flames" (1897); "Garden of Allah" (1905); "Call of the Blood" (1906); "Barbary Sheep" ( 1909); "The Way of "In the Wilderness" Ambition" (1913); (1917); etc.
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Hidalgo
a State of Mexico, the northern and northeastern portions of which are mountainous , being crossed by the east range of the Sierra Madre, whose highest elevation is over 10,000 feet. The southern and western parts of include the State contain many fertile valleys. The cereals, sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, etc. Mining is an important industry. Silver, iron, lead, and zinc are produced . Coal and marble are also found there. agricultural products Pop. about 600,000. The capital is Pachuca.
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