Horse-manure
A means for conveying gases from the loam used for building and coating the moulds and cores. The quality of sands and mixtures employed for this purpose is necessarily hard and unyielding, having little porosity, and must therefore be rendered porous by artificial means. Besides imparting porosity, the manure possesses a quality of stickiness which renders the sand or loam more cohesive, and it is for this reason that it is to be preferred to other substances, as coke-dust, sawdust, etc., which are frequently used for this purpose. See LOAM; FACING-SAND; VENTING.
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Horsefly
a stout, annoying fly of mid-summer. The male contents himself with sweet sap and the nectar of flowers; but the female adds the blood of man and beast to her diet whenever possible. These scourges can equal the speed of the swiftest horse without the slightest effort. There are a hundred species of the black horsefly and half as many of the sort with banded wings. See Gadfly
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Horsens
a city of Denmark, in the Province of Aarhus. It has a beautiful church, a convent, a chapel, and a high school. The principal industries ironworking, shipbuilding , and the manufacture of woodenware. There also important agricultural interests. Pop. about 24,000 . are
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Horseshoe Crabs
a name for the crustaceous genus Limulus , more commonly called king crabs. The resemblance to a horseshoe is in the buckler which covers the anterior part of the body.
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Horsley
SAMUEL, an English id's, from bishop; born in 1733. He was appointed in 1788 Bishop of St. David's , which he was translated to Rochester in 1793, receiving at the same time the deanery of Westminster ; and finally to St. Asaph in 1802, when he resigned his deanery. Horsley was the greatest theological controversialist of his day, and is famous for his controversy with Priestley on Unitarianism . He died in 1806.
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Hortense
EUGÉNIE DE BEAU-
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Hortensius
QUINTUS (hōr-tēn'sē-us), a celebrated Roman orator; born in 114 b. c. Till his great rival, Cicero, bore away the palm, he eclipsed all others in the grace and splendor of his eloquence. He held many civil and military offices; was made consul 69 B. C.; was Cicero's colleague as augur; and died immensely rich in 50 b. c.
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Horticultural Societies
societies formed by the encouragement of both the art and the science of the cultivation of garden plants.
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Horus
an Egyptian deity, whose name, "Hor," means "the day," or "the sun's path," and is generally written in hieroglyphics by the sparrow hawk, which was sacred to him. Under the name of Horus were included several deities, as Haroeris, the elder Horus and Harpocrates, or the younger Horus; Har-sam-ta, Horus, the uniter of the upper and lower world, who was the second son of Athor, resided in Annu, Heliopolis, and emanated from the eye • of the sun; and Har-net-ta, another form of the same god, represented as a boy wearing a triple crown, who existed from the commencement of things, a self-created being, and emanated from the Nu, or firmament, besides several others. But the principal Horus was Horus, the son of Isis (Har-si-hesi), represented as a naked child hild standing wearing a skullcap, or the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt.
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Horvath
MICHAEL (hor'vät), a Hungarian historian; born in Szentes, Oct. 20, 1809. In 1844 he became Professor of the Hungarian Language and Literature in Vienna, and later Bishop of Csanad. He took an active part in the revolutionary war, holding the appointment of minister of "culture" and public instruction. The defeat of the Hungarians drove him into exile. In his absence he was condemned to death, but was allowed to return home under the amnesty of 1867. Of several historical works which he wrote three deserve special mention: "History of Hungary to 60: 1823," and its continuations, "Twentyfive Years of Hungarian History, 1823- 1848," and "History of the War of Independence in Hungary." He died in 1878.
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Hosanna
a form of Jewish acclamatory prayer or blessing, derived originally from Ps. cxviii:25. It was often uttered at the Feast of Tabernacles, when the 25th and 26th verses of Psalm cxviii. were repeated. It therefore came to be used for the branches of myrtle, etc., or for the great palm leaves, carried about at the festival, or even for the festival itself. Also the acclamation raised by "the whole multitude of the disciples" (Luke xix: 37) on our Lord's triumphal entry into Jerusalem. It is now employed as an acclamation of praise.
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Hose
A flexible pipe, made of rubber, leather, and various other flexible materials, for conveying fluids, especially water. When of good quality and properly cared for by providing reels to wind them on when not in use, and paying strict attention to the joints, they are a great help in the foundry, saving much time in carrying water to and fro.
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Hosea
the first of the 12 minor prophets as arranged in the Bible. He prophesied for a long time from Uzziah to Hezekiah, about 785-725 b. c.
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Hoshiarpur
capital of a district in Punjab, India, near the foot of the Siwalik Hills, 90 miles E. from Lahore. It is a seat of an American Presbyterian Mission.
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Hoskins
SIR ARTHUR REGI- NALD, a British military officer. He was born in London, in 1871, and entered the army in 1891. He served in the Dongola Expedition in 1896, and was mentioned in dispatches. From 1897 to 1899 he was with the Nile Expedition, receiving the 4th class Medjidie, Khedive's medal, medal, 9 clasps, bt. major, British medal. From 1899 to 1902 he was in the South African War, receiving medal and clasps. In 1902-1903 he served in East Africa. When the World War broke out he was sent to East Africa, after a short service in Europe, and there made commander-in-chief. For his services in German East Africa he was made lieutenant-general in 1917and baronet in 1919.
JAMES DICKASON, an American educator; born at New Market, Tenn., in 1870. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1891. For two years following he acted as instructor of mathematics in that institution. After serving as professor of history in several schools and colleges, he became Associate Professor of History in 1900. at the University of Tennessee He was successively appointed assistant proprofessor, and in 1907 became full of the fessor. From 1911 he was dean University of Tennessee. He wrote several articles on the history of Tennessee and the part taken by Tennessee in the war. From 1900 to 1910 he was editor of the University of Tennessee publications.
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