Hoche
LAZARE (hōsh), a French soldier; born in Montreuil, a faubourg of Versailles, June 25, 1768. Enlisting at 16, he rapidly obtained promotion by his courage and capacity, and was given in 1793 the command of the Army of the Moselle, for his defense of Dunkirk against the Duke of York. Here he tried to cut off the communication between the Prussians and Austrians, and, though foiled by the superior forces of the Duke of Brunswick, yet managed to drive the Austrians out of Alsace. His next important service was putting an end to the civil war in La Vendée. He commanded the unfortunate expedition for the conquest of Ireland (1796), when the ships were scattered by storms. Soon after he was placed in command of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse. On April 18, 1797, he crossed the Rhine at Neuwied, and had defeated the Austrians in several battles, when an armistice was concluded between the Archduke Charles and Bonaparte at Leoben. Died, Sept. 18, 1797.
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Hochheim
a town of Prussia in Hesse-Nassau, on the right bank of the Main, 3 miles E. of Mainz. Here is produced the excellent white wine known as "Hochheimer," whence was derived, before 1625, the English name "Hock," now applied loosely to almost any white Rhenish wine. HÖCHSTADT. See BLENHEIM.
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Hocking
SILAS KITTO, an English novelist born in St. Stephen's, Cornwall, in 1850. He entered the Wesleyan ministry and resigned in 1896 to devote all his time to the writing of novels. ological and economic subjects. Among These attracted a wide sale, although they were little noticed by the critics. Among them are "God's Outcast" (1898); "Who Shall Judge" (1910); "In Self-Defense" (1914).
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Hocus Pocus
Words of magical import, which by some are believed to be derived from "Ochus Bochus" a magician and demon of the north. It is perhaps more probable, however, that as others say they are a corruption of the Latin words "hoc est corpus," and are an imitation of the act of transubstantiation practised by the priests of the Church of Rome .
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Hod
The name assigned in the Kabbala to the number eight and meaning "Eternity "-that is, Eternity of the conquests achieved by mind over matter, active over passive, life over death. Hodgson, Dr.: (See Spiritualism .)
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Hodge
FREDERICK WEBB, an American ethnologist, born in Plymouth, England, in 1864. He was brought to this country at the age of seven years and was educated in the public schools, and entered Columbian, now George Washington, University. He took part in several archæological expeditions carried on by the United States Government and archæological societies in Arizona and New Mexico from 1886 to 1889. In the latter year he became editor of publications and librarian of the Bureau of American Ethnology. He continued his researches among the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico and was the first to successfully climb the "Enchanted Mesa" in New Mexico. From 1905 he devoted special attention to the Handbook of the Bureau of American Ethnology. From 1910 he was ethnologistin-charge at the Bureau of American Ethnology. He was a member of many scientific societies. His published writings include "Coronado's Route from Culiacan to Quivira" (1899). He edited the narratives of early Spanish explorers.
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Hodge (HENRY WILSON an American civil)
HENRY WILSON, an American civil engineer, born in Wash- HÖDUR ington in 1865. He was educated at private schools and at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated in 1885. He acted as assistant engineer to several bridge building companies and designed many important bridges for railroads and for other purposes. He was engineer for the City of New York in the construction of a number of large bridges and aqueducts. He was consulting engineer for the Brooklyn Rapid Transit and for the New York and New Jersey Interstate Bridge and Tunnel Commission, and many other corporations. He was public service commissioner for the State of New York in 1917. During the World War he acted as director of railways in France for the American Expeditionary Force. He was a member of many scientific societies. Died Dec. 21, 1919.
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Hoe
RICHARD MARSH, an American inventor; born in Sept. 12, 1812. In 1846 he perfected a rotary printing - press which " Hoe's lightning press. " he invented the Hoe press. These were to newspaper printing and made a revolution in that art. He died Italy, June 7, 1886.
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Hoe, Richard M.
Richard M. (1812-1886), the inventor of the rotary printing press. He was a native of New York City. His father also was a manufacturer and improver of printing presses. Richard Hoe was the first to conceive the plan of fastening the type from which a newspaper or book is printed to the exterior of a cylindrical iron drum. His predecessors, in improving the printing press, had the idea of wrapping the paper around a drum, but the type was always placed on a flat bed. The Hoe factories in New York City are the largest works of the kind in the world. See Printing Press
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Hoeber
ARTHUR, painter; born in New York He studied in New York While well known as a successful painter his reputation perhaps rests on his art criticism. He was art director for the "New York Times" for three years and was assistant editor of the "Illustrated American" for one year. He later was art critic for the "New York Globe" and "Commercial Advertiser." He was also widely known as a lecturer on art subjects. His popular writings include "The Treasures of the Metropolitan Mumectopo seum of Art" (1892); "Painting in the Nineteenth Century in France, Belgium, Spain and Italy. He was a member of the International Art Association of Chicago. He died in 1915.
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Hoefer
EDMUND (ho'fer), a German novelist; born in Greifswald, Oct. tory at Heidelberg. He began early to write fiction, his in collected form under the title "From the People, " and proving Speak"; and "Days that Are No More." The novels that followed "German Hearts"; "The Demagogue"; "The Lost Son"; and "Lost in the World," had a wide circulation. He died in Cannstadt, May 23, 1882.
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