Each of these 14 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
HYKSHOS, (hik'sos), or Shepherd Kings, gs, wandering tribes of Semitic descent, who conquered the whole of Egypt about 2100 b. c., and were driven out some 500 years afterward. The only detailed account of them in any ancient writer is a passage of a lost work of Manetho, cited by Josephus. Their epoch covers the 13th to the 17th dynasties.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
preferably HAIDAR- ABAD (hi-där-ä-bad'), a state of Hindustan, which comprehends the greater part of that central plateau of Southern India known as the Deccan, and is in possession of a Mohammedan prince, the Nizam; area, 80,000 square miles, exclusive of the Berar or Haidarabad Assigned Districts under British administration. The chief products are rice, wheat, maize, sugar-cane, tobacco, cotton, indigo, fruits, and timber. Pop. about 15,000,000. The ruler of Haidarabad belongs to a dynasty founded by Asaf Jah, a distinguished soldier, whom the Emperor Aurungzeb made viceroy of the Deccan in 1713, with the title of Nizam or Regulator. HAIDARABAD, the capital, is on the Musi river, at an elevation of 1,672 feet above the sea. It is surrounded by a stone wall flanked with bastions. Among the chief buildings are the extensive palace of the Nizam, the British residency, the Char Minar, or Four Minarets, built about 1590 as a Mohammedan college, the Jama Masjid, or cathedral mosque, designed after the one at Mecca. There are manufactures of silks, trinkets, and turbans. Pop. of city, with suburbs, about 550,000. Also a city, capital Sindh, B. I., pop. about 75,000.
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a genus of parasitic plants belonging to the order Cytinaceæ, which consists entirely of root-parasites. Hydnora africana is a South African species parasitic on the roots of fleshy euphorbiæ and other succulent plants; it has a putrid smell, but is roasted and eaten by the natives, and is also used for tanning.
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a genus of shrubs or herbs of the order Saxifragaceæ, containing about 33 species, natives of Asia and America. The garden hydrangea (H. hortensis) is a native of China, and was introduced into Great Britain by Banks in 1790. It is a favorite for the beauty and size of its flowers. i-drar'thrus), a HYDRARTHRUS white swelling. The joints most subject to this disease are the knee, ankle, elbow, and wrist. It can be distinguished from rheumatic swelling of the joints by its fixed and wearing pain, which often exists for a long time before any enlargement of the part is perceptible. HYDRATE. In chemistry, in combination with certain metallic oxides, water seems to play the part of an acid, forming a compound that may be considered as a pseudo-salt. Thus, with oxide of sodium water forms the compound NaOH2O, or hydrate of soda, which is quite a different body to the simple NaO; in fact, such is the attraction existing between the two bodies that they cannot be separated by the strongest heat.
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Invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, who erected the first in Newcastle-on-Tyne. These cranes have come into very extensive use where water under sufficient pressure is available. But it would seem that the latter condition is now made unnecessary by the invention of the steam hydraulic crane. See CRANES.
Only in The Encyclopedia of Founding
an apparatus on the principle of the hydraulic press, caused by means of a lever to draw up a chain which passes over sets of pulleys, and is thence conducted by leading pulleys over a jib. The weight is by this arrangement raised many times the stroke of the ram. See ELEVATOR.
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a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to sluice down a bed of auriferous gravel or earth, which is passed through sluices to detain the particles of gold.
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a which the fall of a column of water in machine by a tube is caused to elevate a portion of itself to a height greater than that of its source.
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in chemistry, H2N-NH2. Hydrazine is not known in a free state. Its derivatives are obtained by the reduction of nitrosoamines by zinc dust and acetic acid, (CH3)2N: NO + 4H' (dimethyl-nitrosomine = (CH3)2N-NH2 + HOH (dimethylhydrazine); also formed by the action of nascent hydrogen on nitrosodiethyl urea and diethyl hydrazine urea.
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in chemistry, hydric iodide, hydrogen iodide, HI. Hydriodic acid is a colorless gas forming in the air. At a pressure of four atmospheres at O° it is condensed to a liquid. It can be frozen at ordinary temperature by a mixture of ether and solid Co₂ at a temperature of 55°.
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or IODIDE OF ETHYL, a colorless uninflammable liquid composed of iodine and ethyl, of a sharp, pungent taste, and a penetrating ethereal odor; sp. gr. 1.94; boiling point 148° F.; sp. gr. of vapor 5.4. Formula CHI. At a red heat it is decomposed, giving off the purple vapors which are peculiar to iodine. Besides its use in the chemical laboratory as a reagent, it has attracted the attention of physicians, especially in the United States and England, land, as a remedial agent, to be administered by inhalation, in many cases in which the use of iodine is indicated. It is given in doses of 12 or 15 drops, inhaled from a napkin or sponge. In these doses, it is a gentle stimulant, and antispasmodic, but in larger quantities, and when inhaled for a considerable time, it becomes a powerful anæsthetic agent.
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a mechanism in which electricity is generated by the friction of steam against rainst the sides of orifices through which it is allowed to escape under high pressure.
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HBr, a colorless gas, occurring in solution as a colorless, odorless liquid, with a specific gravity of 1.077. Formed when hydrogen and bromine vapor are passed over warm platinum sponge, or when potassium bromide is distilled with phosphoric acid. Used in medicine as a sedative, and in the preparation of various organic compounds.
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a name given to compounds of one or more atoms of carbon, with atoms of hydrogen. Carbon is a tetrad element, capable of uniting with four atoms of H, as CH4 methane. But carbon atoms can unite with each other, by one or more pair of bonds. Hydrocarbons having the C atoms united by only one pair of bonds are called paraffins, Cn: H2n+2:, as ethane. Hydrocarbons having two C atoms united by two pairs of bonds are called olefines Cn H₂n:, as ethene. By three pairs of bonds, are called acetylenes CnH2n-2 as acetylene. Besides these there are hydrocarbons belonging to the aromatic series, having the carbon atoms arranged to form a closed ring, as BEN- ZENE, C.He (q. v.), and the naphthalene series containing two closed rings. The constitution of the other groups of hydrocarbons is described under their respective names.
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