Hypersthenite
a more or less coarsely crystalline igneous neck allied to gabbro. It is an aggregate of labradorite (felspar) and hypersthene, and is of plutonic origin.
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Single-source entries: H (68)
Each of these 19 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Hypnum
a genus of mosses belonging to the order Bryineæ. Archegonia capsules are borne on special lateral and branches. The sexual organs are formed in August and September, and the capsules take from 10 months to a year to ripen. HYPOCHÆRIS (hip-ō-kē'-ris), a genus of plants of the natural order Compositæ, sub-order Cichoraceæ, of which one species, H. radicata, or long rooted cat's ear, is extremely common in meadows and pastures in Great Britain. Its leaves and flowers resemble the dandelion.
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Hypochlorous Acid
HCIO, the acid contained in bleaching powder. It can only be obtained as a dilute solution, as in the concentrated state it is very liable to decomposition.
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Hypocycloid
A curve generated by a point in the circumference of a circle when it is rolled within another circle. The proper shape for the teeth of the wheels that are driven by others having epicycloidal addenda. If the tracing circle is half the diameter of the one within which it rolls, the hypocycloid will be a radial line.
Only in American Watchmaker and Jeweler
Hypodermic Injection
a forcing of some substance beneath the skin; a method adopted in medicine when the condition of the stomach or other organs renders the use of drugs by the mouth objectionable, or when rapidity of action is desired. HYPOGÆIC ACID (hip-ō-gā'ik), C16H30O2. A monatomic fatty acid contained as a glyceride, together with palmitin and arachin, in the oil of the earthnut Arachis hypoджa. Hypogӕic acid crystallizes from ether in needles which melt at 33°.
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Hypophosphites
salts of hypophosphorous acid, especially certain medicinal salts, chiefly the hypophosphites of potassium, sodium, and calcium. They have been used with considerable advantage in disorders of the blood and the digestive organs, and have also been found of benefit in consumption.
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Hypophosphorous Acid
H3: PO2, hydric hypophosphite. It can be obtained as a barium salt. By boiling phosphorus with barium hydrate, phosphuretted hydrogen escapes as a gas.
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Hypophysis
a disease of the eyelids, when hairs grow so much as to irritate and offend the pupil.
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Hypostasis
in alchemy, the principle or element of anything; specifically, mercury, sulphur, and salt, which the alchemists deemed the principles or elements of all material bodies. In botany, the name given by Dutrochet to what is more commonly called the suspensor or suspensory cord of the embryo of an ovule.
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Hyposulphites
salts of hyposulphurous acid. Among the most important are the hyposulphites of sodium and calcium, the former of which is used in medicine as an external remedy in parasitic skin disorders and an internal one in checking fermentation in zymotic diseases. It is variously used in bleaching, photography, and other arts as an antichlore, a dissolvent of bromide and iodide of silver, etc.
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Hypothecation
in civil law, an engagement by which the debtor assigns his goods in pledge to a creditor as a security for his debt, without parting with the immediate possession; differing, in the last particular, from from the simple pledge. In commerce, the pawning of a ship for necessaries, or to raise money in some critical emergency .
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Hypothenuse
or HYPOTENUSE, the name given to that side of a rightangled triangle which subtends, or is opposite to, the right angle. Its property-that the square described on it is equal to the sum of the squares described on the other two sides-is demonstrated and generalized, so as to apply to any figure in Euclid. The discovery of this property is attributed to Pythagoras.
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Hypothesis
etymologically a sup- , is popularly position used to denote something not proved, but assumed for the sake of argument. In scientific and philosophical usage it denotes either a probable theory of phenomena not yet fully explained, or a strictly scientific theory which accounts for all the known facts of the case, and which only needs the verification of subsequent observations and deductions to become a certainty.
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Hypsipyle
A queen of Lemnos, daughter of Thoas. During her reign, Venus , whose altars had been slighted, punished the Lemnian women by causing their husbands' affections to be estranged from them. This enraged the women, and they put to death their male relations, except in the case of Hypsipyle, who spared her father Thoas.
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Hyrax
a genus of pachydermatous mammalia, intermediate in their character between the rhinoceros and the tapir. It is the only nly Hyracoidea, characterized by having no genus of the order canine teeth, but long curved incisors. The front feet have four toes, and the hind feet three. The Cape hyrax is by the colonists of South Africa called rock badger and rock rabbit, from the fact that they inhabit rocky places. They are also called damans.
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Hyrcania
an ancient district of Asia, of indefinite extent, bordered on the Caspian Sea (sometimes called Hyrcanum Mare) and the river Oxus. It corresponded with the modern Mazanderán and Asterabad.
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Hyrcanus
JOHANNES, a high priest and prince of the Jews. He was son of Simon Maccabæus, on whose assassination he succeeded him as supreme ruler, 135 B. C. Jerusalem was soon after besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, King of Syria, with whom Hyrcanus was compelled to make a burdensome peace. In 131 he accompanied Antiochus in his expedition against the Parthians, and from a victory over the Hyrcanian tribe he acquired the surname Hyrcanus. He then threw off the yoke of Syria, conquered Idumea, besieged and destroyed Samaria, and made an alliance with Rome. He died 106 b. c. HYRCANUS II., eldest son of Alexander Jannæus; became sovereign pontiff 79 B. c., was dethroned by his brother Aristobulus, and restored by the Romans as a tributary prince in 63. He was beheaded by Herod, 29 b. c.
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Hyria
an Arcadian nymph, who so much bewailed the death of her father, who had thrown himself headlong ng from the top of a rock, that she dissolved away in tears, and was changed into a lake hearing her name.
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Hysteresis
an indisposition to change from a condition previously induced, a phenomenon of magnetization of iron. It may be attributed to a sort of internal or molecular friction, causing energy to be absorbed when iron is magnetized.
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