Hamadan
a town of Persia, in the province of Irak Ajemi, situated at the N. base of Mount Elwend, 160 miles W. S. W. of Teheran. It contains Avicenna's tomb, and others affirmed to be those of Mordecai and Esther. Being the center of converging routes from Bagdad, Erivan, Teheran, and Ispahan, it is the seat of a large transit trade; and it carries on extensive manufactures of leather, and in a less egree of coarse carpets and woolen and cotton fabrics. Hamadan is generally believed to occupy the site of the Median ECBATANA (q. v.). Pop. between 30,000 and 40,000.
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Hamadryads
. See Dryads
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Haman
a favorite of Ahasuerus, King of Persia. In order to revenge himself on Mordecai the Jew, he plotted the extermination of all the Jews in the kingdom; but in the providence of God he was thwarted by Esther, fell into disgrace with the king, and wrought his own ruin and the upbuilding of the Jews, B. C. about 485. Russian
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Hambaruan
Among the Dayaks of Borneo the hambaruan, or soul of a living man, may leave the body at will, and go where it chooses; it is, however, liable to capture by evil spirits. If this should happen, the man falls ill, and, if his soul is not speedily liberated, dies. Hammurabi, Law of, against witchcraft: (See Semites.)
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Hambourg
MARK, a pianist and composer. He was born at Bogutchar, south Russia, in 1879, and was educated by his father and subsequently by Prof Professor Leschetitzky, Vienna, where he obtained the Liszt scholarship in 1894. He made his first public appearance in Moscow in 1888, and later appeared in London, Vienna, Australia, Paris, Berlin. He made his first American tour during 1899-1900, and the second American tour during 1902-1903. He toured Australia and New Zealand in 1903, south Africa in 1905, Holland in 1906, returning in subsequent years. He made his first Canadian tour in 1910. His publications include: "Va- Theme by " riations "Volkslied"; "Espièglerie"; "Romance." on a Paganini ;
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Hameln
a town and formerly a fortress of Hanover, Prussia, on the Weser; 25 miles S. W. of Hanover. It presents a mediæval appearance, having many houses and buildings from the Gothic and Renaissurviving sance periods of architecture. The chain bridge which here crosses the Weser was completed in 1839, and is about 840 feet in length. The chief employments of the people are machine making, iron founding, wool spinning, fish breeding, brewing, and the manufacture of leather, paper, artificial manure, and chemicals. times Hameln belonged In the earliest to the Abbey of Fulda, and was a member of the Hanseatic Confederation. It suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War. With this town is connected the well-known legend of the Piper (or Ratcatcher) of Hameln, who in 1284 freed the town from rats through the mystic charm of his pipe. Pop. about 22,000.
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Hamerton
PHILIP GILBERT, an English writer on art; born in Laneside, Lancashire, England, Sept. 10, 1834. He commenced his career as an art-critic by contributing to the "Fine Arts Quarterly," the "Fortnightly" and the "Saturday Review." He produced a volume of poems on "The Isles of Loch Awe" (1855), and "A Painter's Camp in the Highlands, and Thoughts About Art" (1862). In 1868 he published "Etching and Etchers" and "Contemporary French Painters," and a continuation, "Painting in France After the Decline of Classicism." After 1869 he edited the "Portfolio," an art journal. Other pub- The Intellectual Life" lications are: " (1873); "Human Intercourse" (1884); "The Graphic Arts" (1882); "Landscape" (1885); "Portfolio Papers" (1889); "French and English" (1889), and a couple of novels. He died Nov. 6, 1894.
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Hames
an old Lincolnshire, England, name for a flail, an instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by hand. The old saying, "to set the thames on fire," takes its origin from this word, and has nothing whatever to do with the river Thames.
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Hamilton College
an educational non-sectarian institution in Clinton, N. Y., founded in 1812; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 27; students, 298; volumes in the library, 84,000; productive funds, $1,- 478,000; income, $177,883; president, Frederick Carlos Ferry, Ph. D.; Sc. D., LL. D.
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Hamites
a term employed by writers to denote the white people of Africa prior to the inroads of the Arabs. The subdivisions are recognized as: 1. The Berbers, originally a blonde race inhabiting what became known as the Barbary States. The natives of the Canary Islands are probably Berbers. 2. The inhabitants of the valley of the Nile. These were a red-headed people, still represented among the peasant Egyptians. 3. A brown or black haired people, the inhabitants of ancient Ethiopia. Modern representatives are the Galla and the Somali tribes. There has been much intermingling of Arabic and particularly of negro blood.
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Hamline University
a coeducational institution in St. Paul, Minn.; founded in 1854 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 32; students 550; president, Samuel F. Kerfoot, D. D.
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Hammer-pick
A furnace-man's steel tool, having a hammer face and sharpened point at the respective ends of the head. Used for cutting out and trimming the inside of the cupola. See PICK-HAMMER; REPAIRING THE CUPOLA.
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Hammock
a hanging bed. The name is derived from the Spanish hamaca, a word of East Indian origin. In the narrative of his first voyage Columbus says: "Many Indians in canoes came to the ship for the purpose of bartering their cotton and hamacas or nets in which they sleep." The Germans have corrupted the name into a word meaning hanging mat. The sailor's hammock is a strip of heavy cotton or other canvas several feet in length and a yard wide. Several cords at each end, called clews, are gathered together into a ring. The hammock is hung by the rings to hooks in the beams of the ship. When not in use it is rolled up and stowed. At one time men-of-war were accustomed to string their hammocks around the edge of the deck to conceal their movements and protect themselves from musket balls. The modern netted hammock, swung under trees or on verandas during the summer season, is made usually of cotton or sisal cord. Bright colors and fringes render hammocks an attractive feature in grove or lawn. See Furniture
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