Hudson (HENRY an English navigator)
HENRY, an English navigator; born in England. He entered the service of Holland. After making three voyages to find a N. E. or N. W. passage to China, in the second of which he discovered the Hudson river, he set sail a fourth time, April 17, 1610, in a bark named the "Discovery," and proceeding W., reached in lat. 60° N. the strait bearing his name. Through this he advanced along the coast of Labrador, till it issued into the vast bay which is also called after him. Here, with his son and seven infirm sailors, he was turned adrift by a mutinous crew, and was no more heard of.
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Hudson Bay Territory
under this name is comprised a large proportion of N. W. America, extending from lat. 49° to 70° N., and from Cape Charles, Labrador, to the mouth of the Mackenzie river; area, between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 square miles. Reindeer, muskox, moose-deer or elk, and other kinds of deer, bears, wolves, wolverines, foxes, beavers, otters, raccoons, and other small animals, valuable on account of their skins or flesh, abound. The inhabitants are Esquimaux and Indians. The Europeans settled here who are generally connected with the HUDSON'S BAY COM- PANY, (q. v.). In 1870 this immense territory was ceded to the Dominion of Canada, and now forms the province of British Columbia and Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. See CANADA, DOMINION OF.
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Hudson's Bay Company
an English company, established for carrying on the fur-trade, to which Charles II. in 1670 granted a charter, empowering it to trade exclusively with the aborigines in and about Hudson Bay. Prince Rupert was at the head of the Hudson's Bay Company, and as the fur-trade was then very lucrative, the association soon rose to prosperity. In the winter of 1783, a new company, calling itself the Northwest Fur Company, was established at Montreal, and actively opposed the Hudson's Bay Company. The Earl of Selkirk was then at the head of the old company, and conceived the plan of establishing a colony on the Red river of Lake Winnipeg. The Northwest Company was jealous of this movement; and a war broke out between the servants of the two companies. The companies wearied of the strife at last, and united under the name of the Hudson's Bay Fur Company. The new company established factories and settlements in various parts. The monopoly of this company ceased in 1859.
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Hue
the capital of Anam, a French protectorate 10 miles from the mouth of the Hué river, or Truongtien. In 1801 it was strongly for fortified by French officers. Since the treaty of Hué in 1884 there is a French garrison in Thuanan, the port of Hué. There is little industry in Hué, which has a popиlation with suburbs of about 65,000. See ANAM.
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Hueffer
OLIVER MADOX, a British author. He was born in 1877 and was educated at U University College School and on the continent. For a time he acted as war correspondent and became editor of the "Onlooker" and the "Throne." Was connected with different papers in England and the United States. When European war broke out served in the Somme Campaign, being wounded at Thiepval. His works (some under pseudonym of Joe Wardle) include: "Love's Disguises"; "In Arcady and Out"; "Book of Witches"; "A Vagabond in New York"; "The Artistic Temperament"; "Lord of Latimer Street"; "A Scarecrow Emperor"; "Down Stream."
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Huelva
a thriving town of Spain; near the confluence of the Odiel and the Tinto; 68 miles W. S. W. of Seville. Fishing and the plaiting of esparto grass are the chief industries. Huelva is the port for the important Rio Tinto copper mines, in British hands, and a shipping place for wine. Tons of copper ore, iron ore, besides manganese, quicksilver, wine, etc., are annually exported. Pop. of town (1917) 34,492. The province of Huelva has an area of 3,913 square miles. Pop. (1917) 340,360.
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Huesca
capital of province of Huesca, Spain; on the Isuela, 55 miles N. E. of Saragossa. Its chief buildings are the cathedral (1400-1515), a beautiful Gothic edifice; the the Roma Romanesque church of San Pedro (1150-1241); the university founded in 1354 by Pedro IV.; and a former palace of the kings of Aragon. The Osca of the Romans, where Sertorius was murdered in 72 B. C., Huesca afterward became famous as a seat of learning. Tanning and manufactures of linens are carried on to some extent. Pop. about 12,000. The province of Huesca has an area of 5,848 square miles; pop. (1917) 249,047.
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Huet
PIERRE DANIEL (ü-ā'), a French critic and classical scholar; born in Caen, Normandy, in 1630. He was educated at the Jesuits' college at Caen; was appointed in 1670 sub-preceptor under Bossuet to the dauphin, and superintended the celebrated Delphin series (ad usum Delphini) of the Latin classics. Having taken holy orders, he was made Abbot of Aulnai, and subsequently nominated Bishop of Soissons, later exchanged for that of Avranches. He wrote: "Latin and Greek Songs"; "Origin of the Romans"; "Strictures of the Cartesian Philosophy"; "History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients," a book still of great value. He died in Paris, France, in 1721.
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Huggins
SIR WILLIAM, an English spectroscopist; born in London, England, Feb. 7, 1824. In 1852 he was elected a member of the Microscopical Society, and for some years labored at the study of physiology, animal and vegetable, with the microscope. In 1855 at his private observatory he began the study of the physical constitution of stars, planets, comets, and nebulæ. By researches on the sun's spectra and the spectra of certain comets, he ascertained that the luminous properties of the former are not the same as the luminous properties of the latter. After 1875 he was engaged in photographing the ultraviolet parts of the spectra of the stars. He also determined the amount of heat that reaches the earth from some of the fixed stars. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society 1876-1878; president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1891. In 1874 he became corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, and three years later corresponding member of the Royal Society of Göttingen. He died May 12, 1910.
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