Inorganic Chemisty
the chemistry of inorganic or unorganized bodies. In general terms it may be said that inorganic chemistry treats of the metals, or of the metals in combination with one or more of the non-metallic bodies. A metal in combination with oxygen produces an oxide, while a metal in combination with an acid produces a salt, both being inorganic compounds. The aim of inorganic chemistry is to examine into the general laws or rules which regulate the formation of such metallic bodies, and to determine the action of one upon another.
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Inosite
(in'ō-sīt), in chemistry, Co- H12O62H2O, a non-fermentable substance, isomeric with glucose discovered by Scherer in the muscular substance of the heart of the ox. It has since been found to exist in the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and brain, and in the urine during some diseases of the kidney. It is obtained from the mother liquor of the creatine crystals, by acidulating with sulphuric acid, and then gradually adding alcohol till a turbidity begins to appear. Inosite is also found in many plants, especially in green beans, the shells of peas, in the leaves of the vine, in asparagus, etc. IN PARTIBUS, the usual contracted form of the Latin phrase, in partibus infidelium = in countries belonging to unbelievers. Bishop in partibus, a bishop consecrated to a see formerly formerly existing, but which, owing chiefly to the rise of Mohammedanism, has long been lost to the Roman Church. Bishops in partibus date from the Reformation. Catholic affairs in England were managed by Vicars-Apostolic, having titular sees in partibus, from 1623 to the erection of the hierarchy in 1850. Besides Vicars- Apostolic, in a non-Catholic country, the Vicars of Cardinal-bishops, Suffraganbishops, and Papal Nuncios usually have their sees in partibus infidelium.
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Inquisitor
in church history, a person appointed to search out latent heresy. The name first appears in the Theodosian Code, A. D. 382; their search being chiefly directed against the Manichæans. During the crusade against the Albigenses, early in the 13th century, Innocent III. had sent out legates to search out and punish these separatists. These were called inquisitors. Specifically, a functionary of the ecclesiastical ally, a functionary called the Holy Office of the INQUISITION (q. v.).
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Insecticide
one who or that which kills insects. Also a substance or preparation used to kill insects.
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Insectivora
an order of Mammalia established by Cuvier, who made it a family of his Carnassiers (Carnivora). is of higher organization than the Carnivora proper. Huxley arranges it under his Mammals which have a discoidal deciduate placenta, placing it between the Primates and the Cheiroptera. There are usually more than four incisors in each jaw, and the molars have sharp and pointed cusps; the hallux possesses a claw, and has no marked freedom of adduction and abduction. Excepting in one genus, there are welldeveloped clavicles. The chief families are: (a) Talpidæ, (b) Potamogalidæ, (c) Soricida, (d) Erinaceidæ, (e) Centetidæ, (f) Macroscelidæ, and (g) Galeopithecidæ. Also section of a Cheiroptera (bats), containing the families Vespertilionidæ, Rhinolophidæ, Noctilionidæ, and Phyllostomidæ.
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Insignia
the name given to all outward marks of power and dignity, such as the golden crown, the ivory chair, and the 12 lictors with their axes in the time of the Roman kings; the crowns and scepters of European monarchs; the pallium, the infula, the staff, and ring of the higher ord orders of the Roman Catholic priesthood. The name of insignia is also applied to the decorations worn by the different orders of merit.
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Insolation
a synonym for sunstroke; also a mode of treatment which consists in exposing the patient to the rays of the sun, and which is had recourse to with a view of rousing the vital forces when languishing, or of producing irritation of the skin. In pharmacy, the drying of chemical and pharmaceutical substances. INSOLVENCY. See BANKRUPTCY LAWS.
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Insolvency
. See Bankruptcy
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Inspector General
a name employed to designate a military officer, having various duties in various branches of the service, but whose original responsibility was that of supervision and inspection. The designation is given to all the officers of the inspector general's department, though their service varies greatly. The duties involve the proper inspection of accounts relating to expenditures, the condition of the troops and their equipment, the military posts, arsenals and public works, and general conduct unbecoming in an officer. There are inspectors general of infantry, cavalry, enginee engineers, artillery and other branches of service. In the medical department the inspectors general of hospitals are the head surgeons. In European countries the duties of inspectors general are carried out by the general staff of the army.
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Installation
the act of installing; the act of investing with an office, charge, or rank, with customary ceremonies; as, the installation of a minister or presiding officer of some deliberative or social body; the state of being installed.
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Insterburg
a city of Germany in the Province of East Prussia. It is on the left bank of the Angerap river. Before the World War it had important manufactures of linen, machinery, stoves, fertilizers, etc. It has several old churches, a seminary, and a museum. Pop. about 32,000.
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Institute
a scientific body; a society or body established under certain rules or regulations for the promotion or furtherance of some particular object; a literary or philosophical society or association; in France, applied to the principal society of this kind, formed in 1795 by the union of the four existing royal academies.
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Institute of France
the official name for a group of five learned societies in France which have for their object the encouragement of the liberal arts and the sciences. The five societies comprising the institute are (1) Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres; (2) Académie Francaise; (3) Académie des Sciences; (4) Académie des Beaux Arts; (5) Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. The present organization of the Institute dates from the time of Napoleon I. who was himself a proud member of it. Each of the five societies retains its identity, has charge of its own funds and has its own government, while the secretaries, the library, and the valuable collections are common to the five. The Duke d' Aumale in 1886 gave to the institute his château and Chantilly together with his wonderful art collection and library. This is the most treasured possession of the Institute. Members are elected by ballot and there are active, honorary, corresponding, foreign associates. The meeting-place of the Institute is the Mazarin Palace, opposite the Louvre.
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