Iona
or ICOLMKILL (i-kōm-kil'), the isle of Columba's cell or retreat, one of the W. islands of Scotland, in the Atlantic Ocean, separated from the W. point of Mull by a narrow channel called the Sound of Iona, 7 miles from Staffa; 3 miles long; 1½ miles broad; area 2,000 acres. It is chiefly interesting to the antiquarian, for the ruins of its ancient religious edifices. These were established about the year 565, by St. Columba, who left Ireland, his native country, with the intention of preaching Christianity to the Picts. In the church, said to have been built by Que Queen Margaret toward the latter end of the 11th cer century, are the tombs of 48 Scottish kings, 4 kings of Ireland, 8 Norwegian monarchs, and 1 king of France. The rearing of black cattle forms the principal occupation of the inhabitants.
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Ionian Islands
the name commonly given to the seven islands, Cephalonia, Cerigo, Corfu, Ithaca, Paxo, Santa Maura, and Zante, with a number of islets, extending along the S. W. coast of Greece; area 1,097 square miles; pop., about 230,000. Pop. of Corfu (1917) 140,757. Products, corn, grapes, olives, currants, cotton, honey, wax, etc. Manufactures salt, olive oil, oil, wine, brandy. The Ionian Islands, with their dependencies, were erected into the republic of the Seven United Islands, March 21, 1800. It was to pay a moderate tribute to the Porte, and its independence was guaranteed by Turkey and Russia. The French captured the islands in 1807, and Russia ceded them to France by a secret article of the treaty of Tilsit, July 7, 1807. The French garrisons surrendered to an English force, Oct. 3, 1809, and by a treaty between Great Britain and Russia, signed at Paris Nov. 5, 1815, they were formed into an independent State, called the United States of the Ionian Islands, or the Septinsular Republic, under the protection of England. With the consent of Great Britain, they were reunited to the kingdom of Greece in 1864.
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Ionian Sea
that part of the Mediterranean communicating with the Gulf of Venice by the Strait of Otranto, and having Greece and part of European Turkey on the E.; Sicily and the most S. part of Italy on the W. Its greatest part breadth is between Cape Matapan in the Morea, and Cape Passaro in Sicily, which is about 400 miles.
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Ionic Order
one of the three orders of architecture, the distinguishing characteristic of which is the volute of the capital. Its main features are the same as in the Doric style; their forms, however, are different. The Ionic order has more moldings, its forms are richer and more elegant, and, as a style, it is lighter and more graceful than the Doric. As regards the proportions of the Ionic order, no such remarkable difference as in the Doric is perceptible in the monuments which have been preserved to us. The height of the column is from 8/2 to 9 times the lower diameter; the distance between the columns averages about twice the diameter, while the height of the entablature is not quite one-fourth that of the column. The most perfect specimens of the Ionic order are the temples of Minerva Pallas and of Erectheus in the Acropolis at Athens, and of Fortuna Virilis and the Coliseum at Rome.
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Ios
an island in the Ægean , one of th Sea the traditional birth-places aces of Homer. His mother was born here, according to the ancients, and the poet's grave was likewise assigned to the island.
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Iowa City
a city and county-seat of Johnson co., Ia.; on the Iowa river, and Cedar Rapids and Iowa City, and the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific railroads; 54 miles W. of Davenport. It is the seat of the State University of Iowa, the Iowa City Academy, the State Historical Society and Library; has excellent hospitals, a Masonic Temple, and other public buildings; is the farming trade center for Johnson, Cedar, and Iowa counties; has excellent power provided by the Iowa river; and has manufactories of flour, perfumery, jewelry, etc. Besides its manufacturing interests the city has an extensive meat-packing industry. 091.
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Iowa Wesleyan University
a coeducational institution in Mount Pleasant, Ia.; founded in 1842 under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; reported at the close of 1919. Professors and instructors, 21; students, 265; number of graduates, 1,072; president, W. S. Smith.
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Ipecac
ip-e-kak, the dried root of a South American shrub. The shrub belongs to the cinchona family. The plant grows wild, chiefly in the damp, shady woods of Brazil. The root is offered for sale by the Indians. Unless some means of preserving ipecac be taken it will follow the fate of ginseng. The plant has disappeared already from the vicinity of towns. In its purer form, prepared from the bark of the root, ipecac is a white powder. Ipecac is a standard remedy. It is a prompt emetic and is the chief constituent of Dover's powder.
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Ipecacuanha
or IPECACUAN (-kak'u-an) (the native Brazilian name), in botany, the plants producing the drug so named. In pharmacy: (1) The dried root of Cephælis ipecacuanha, a conchonaceous plant from Brazil. The ipecacuanha from that country is called annulated, to distinguish it from the striated kind from Peru. The active ingredients reside chiefly in the cortex. It contains a feeble alkaloid called ceretin. Its preparation are pills, powders, lozenges, and wine. In large doses it is an emetic; in smaller in the warmer parts of both hemispheres. ones it is an expectorant and an alterative. It is considered a specific in dysentery. Ipecacuanha, made into ointment, is a counter-irritant. (2) Various other plants produce a similar drug, as, for example, all the Alsodineæ, a tribe of Violaceæ.
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Ipek
a town in Montenegro, on the river Drin, about 400 miles northwest of Uskub. Until the Balkan Wars (1912-13) the town was on Turkish territory, and was part of the Vilayet of Kossovo, but after the readjustments of frontiers following the Treaty of Bucharest (1913) it was part of the territory included in the share of Montenegro. Having been famous as the site of an old Slavic monastery, it is now the seat of a bishopric. The population is now about 10,000. (if-i-a-nas'sä), the IPHIANASSA daughter of Prætus, turned into a cow by Juno for pride. (if'i-klēz), the twin brother of Hercules, and father of Iolaus.
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