Iquique
the port and capital of the Chilean territory of Tarapacá (Peruvian till 1884). It has amalgamating works in connection with neighboring silver mines, a foundry, and exports saltpeter, borax, and iodine. The climate is hot, and drinking water has to be obtained by distillation. Earthquakes have more than once damaged the town. Pop. (1917) 70,000.
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Ireland
land of the Erse, was known to the Romans as Hibernia, and to the Irish poet as Erin. To the world at large it is the Emerald Isle and Green Isle,--the home of a witty, fun-loving, loyal, hospitable, brave people who have fought and won the battles of all countries save their own. STATISTICS. The following statistics are the latest to be had from trustworthy sources: Land area (square miles) 32,360 Population (1908) 4,363,351 Dublin 290,000 Belfast 349,000 Cork 76,000 Limerick 38,000 Londonderry 40,000 Waterford 27,000 Births 101,000 Deaths 77,000 Emigrants 64,000 Number counties 32 Peers in House of Lords 33 Representatives, House of Commons, 103 Number of tenant purchasers 152,000 Outstanding state loans to same, 1908 $250,000,000 Acres of arable land 3,626,000 Acres of permanent pasture 11,637,000 Agricultural Productions-- Potatoes, bushels 75,000,000 Wheat, bushels 1,325,000 Barley, bushels 6,722,000 Oats, bushels 49,000,000 Beans, bushels 82,000 Peas, bushels 9,000 Turnips, bushels 140,000,000 Domestic Animals-- Horses 604,000 Mules 30,000 Cattle 4,791,000 Sheep 4,129,000 Goats 100,000 Swine 1,317,000 Coal mined, tons 99,000 Value of mineral products $1,000,000 Fishing boats 5,766 Annual catch $1,400,000 Miles of railway (1908) 3,362 Miles of canals 848 Letters and post cards 200,000,000 Elementary public schools 8,538 Pupils enrolled 675,000 Paupers 103,000 See Celt; Dublin ; Cork ; Belfast ; Londonderry ; Boyne ; Blarney ; Gaelic; Famine ; Absenteeism; Immigration ; Peat ; O'Connell ; Emmet ; Patrick ; Shamrock ; Elk ; Kilkenny
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Ireland
NATIONAL UNIVER- SITY OF, an institution for higher education, established in 1908. It superseded the former Royal University of Ireland, and in its place was established the Belfast University and the National University of Ireland. The latter consists of the University College of Dublin, Queens College Court and Queens College, Galway. It was organized in order to meet with the wishes of the Roman Catholics. The institution, however, is undenominational. Religious instruction may be given, but not out of public funds. The enrollment in the University of Dublin in 1919 was about 1,800, with a faculty of 200.
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Ireland (ALLEYNE an English author born)
ALLEYNE, an English author; born in Manchester, England, Jan. 19, 1871; was educated at Berlin University; traveled extensively in 1887- 1897; was made lecturer on politics at Chicago University in 1900. He is the author of "Demerariana: Essays, Historical, Critical, and Descriptive" (1897); "Tropical Colonization: An Introduction to the Study of the Subject" (1899); "The Anglo-Boer Conflict: Its History and Causes" (1900 ; "Joseph Pulit- ); "China ; and the Powers" (1901) zer" (1914). American
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Ireland (ISLAND one of the Bermudas)
ISLAND, one of the Bermudas. church IRENÆUS (i-ren-ē'us) a father; born in Greece about 120, was a disciple of Polycarp, by whom he is said to have been sent to Gaul. On the martyrdom of Pothinus he succeeded him in the bishopric of Lyons, in 177. Irenæus was a man of considerable learning, and animated with ardent zeal for Christianity. The common idea that he suffered martyrdom rests on no good foundation. His great literary work is his refutation of the Valentinian form of the Gnostic heresy, and is usually named "Against Heresies." The best edition of his works was published in two volumes at Leipsic in 1853. He died about 202.
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Ireland (JOHN an clergyman born)
JOHN, an clergyman; born in Ireland, Sept. 11, 1838; came to the United States early in life, was educated in the Cathedral School of St. Paul; studied theology in France and was ordained a priest Dec. 21, 1861; was chaplain of the 5th Minnesota Volunteers in the Civil War. After the war he became rector of the cathedral in St. Paul; was later secretary and coadjutor to Bishop Grace, of St. Paul; was consecrated bishop in December, 1875, and archbishop in May, 1888. He prominent in founding Roman was Catholic colonies and in organizing total abstinence societies, and is especially for his sturdy Americanism. noted He wrote "The Church and Modern Society" (1897). He died Sept. 25, 1918.
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Ireland, William Henry
William Henry (1777-1835), an English writer of little merit. Ireland's father was an engraver and publisher. Among other works he issued a volume of Graphic Illustrations of Hogarth. He apprenticed his son to a conveyancer and took him on a trip to Stratford-upon-Avon to visit the birthplace of Shakespeare. The young man forged a lease, purporting to be signed by Shakespeare, which he claimed to have found in a lot of old papers. He afterward wrote a play called Vortigern, palming it off as a recently discovered play by Shakespeare. The renowned actor, Kemble, put it on the stage before the fraud was detected. This play and a Henry II , another forgery, were published in 1799. See Shakespeare
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Irene
Called Pax by the Romans, the goddess of peace, was, according to Hesiod, a daughter of Zeus and Themis , and one of the Horae . Pax is represented on coins as a youthful female, holding in her left hand a cornucopia, and in her right hand an olive branch, or the staff of Mercury.
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Ireton
HENRY, an English soldier; born in 1611. He studied_at Oxford and at the Middle Temple, London, and on the breaking out of the Civil War offered his services to the Parliament. His connection with Cromwell, whose daughter Bridget he married in 1646, greatly advanced his interests. At Naseby he was taken prisoner by Rupert, but Cromwell's charge set him at liberty. Ireton was one of the most implacable enemies of the king, and signed the warrant for his execution. He accompanied Cromwell to Ireland, and in 1650 became lord-deputy. He died in Limerick, Nov. 15, 1651.
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Iriartea
a genus of palms, of the Areceæ tribe. It consists of few species, all from South America. The hard outer wood of I. exorrhiza, the pashiuba or paxiuba palm of Brazil, is used in the United States for making umbrella handles. IRIDEÆ, or IRIDACEÆ (i-rid'uh-ē, i-rid-as-e-i), a natural order of endogenous plants, mostly herbaceous, with bulbous, tuberous, or creeping root stocks; a few are somewhat shrubby. About 700 species are known, of which the greater number are natives of warm countries. They are particularly abundant in South Africa. A few are British. Iris, gladiolus, and crocus are familiar examples of the order. Acridity is a prevailing characteristic, and some species are medicinal; but the corms and root stocks of some are edible.
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