Each of these 16 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
in botany, Cetraria islandica, formerly called Lichen islandicus. It is found in small quantities on the ground in exposed places in Scotland. It is slightly bitter as well as mucilaginous. An aqueous decoction of it, when cooled, makes a thick jelly. It is used as a tonic and nutrient.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a transparent calespar, or calcite, CaCO3; it may be split along its cleavage-planes into an obtuse rhombohedron and is doubly refracting.
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. See Literature
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a Yankee schoolmaster in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Irving's Sketch Book. Ichabod is a suitor for the hand and inheritance of Miss Katrina Van Tassel. He has a startling adventure with the Headless Horseman and disappears forever from the neighborhood of Sleepy Hollow. See Irving The cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to his person. He was tall, but exceedingly lank, with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for shovels, and his whole frame most loosely hung together. His head was small, and flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked like a weathercock, perched upon his spindle neck, to tell which way the wind blew. To see him striding along the profile of a hill on a windy day, with his clothes bagging and fluttering about him, one might have mistaken him for the genius of famine descending upon the earth, or some scarecrow eloped from a corn-field.--Washington Irving, The Sketch-Book.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a walled town in the Chinese province of Hu-pei; on the Yang-tsze-Kiang, where it escapes from the limestone gorges and ravines of its middle course; 1,000 miles from Shanghai. In 1877 it was declared open to foreign trade, but in consequence of the difficulties connected with the navigation of the river, the competition of the Chinese, and official jealousy it advanced but slowly. Pop. (1917) 55,000. Lin-
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a family of two-winged insects. There are over 1,000 species of ichneumon flies, differing very considerably, but having in common a family characteristic of depositing their eggs in or on the larvae of other insects. Some species deposit their eggs on the bodies of caterpillars. The body of the female usually terminates in an awl-shaped egg depositor, which, in some species, is much longer than the body of the fly itself. Many species use the ovi-depositor as a drill. One in particular is able to locate larvae in a dead tree or twig accurately. It throws its drill up over its body in a long curve and hammers away on the wood until it has reached the larva within. It then deposits an egg in the body of the unfortunate grub, and leaves it to hatch out and feed on its host. In this way ichneumon flies destroy countless millions of insect pests. They are as useful in their way as are the ichneumons of Egypt from which they are named.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
the name applied to the modern science of fossil foot-prints, or other impressions on rocks.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the sunfishes of Jordan a family of Acanthopteri. They are percoid fishes with a single dorsal fin, either continuous or deeply divided, with 8 to 12 spines; anal fin large with 3 to 9 spines; body oblong, more or less elevated, sometimes much compressed. Colors usually brilliant, chiefly olive-green, with spots or shades of blue, yellow, orange, or violet. Freshwater carnivorous fishes, many of which build nests which they defend with great courage. Genera about 15, species 40, all of the United States; most abundant in the Mississippi valley. Sub-families, Micropterinæ, Čentrarchinæ, and Ichthelinæ.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a medicine prescribed for its effect upon the alimentary canal and the general system. Its basis is a bituminous mineral rich in fish fossils.
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the science which treats of fishes. See FISH.
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the practice or habit of eating fish; fish diet.
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one of the three great primary divisions of the Vertebrata (the others being Sauropsida and Mammalia), comprising the fishes and amphibia.
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a fossil genus of carnivorous and probably aquatic birds, one of the earliest known American forms. It is so named from the character of the vertebræ, which, even in the cervical region, have their articular faces biconcave as in fishes. It is also characterized by having teeth set in distinct sockets.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
an extinct fish-lizard; the typical genus of the order Ichthyosauria. It consists of gigantic fossil marine reptiles, with jaws which show them to have been carnivorous. Their vertebræ were fishlike, their paddles like those of a porpoise or a whale, and their long powerful tail a propeller which enable them to dart with great rapidity through the water. The genus extended from the Trias of Germany to the White Chalk of England.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a genus of Amyrids, family Burseridæ. It consists chiefly of tall trees with balsamic or resinous juice, unequally pinnate or ternate leaves, and racemes or heads of small whitish or greenish flowers. About 20 species are known, found mostly in the warmer parts of America. Icica guianensis furnishes incense-wood; I. icicariba, part of the American elemi; I. carana, the American balm of Gilead; I. aracouchini, the balsam of acouchi; I. ambrosiaca, the resin of coumia; and I. altissima, the curana, samaria, acuyari, mara, or cedarwood of Guiana.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
an ancient town of Asia Minor, on the W. edge of the plateau that skirts the N. slopes of the Taurus Mountains. The capital under the Romans of Lycaonia, it was three times visited by St. Paul, who founded there a Christian Church. In 708 it fell into the hands of the Arab conquerors. Its prosperity culminated in the end of the 11th century, when it was made the capital of the Seljuk empire. In 1190 Frederick Barbarossa defeated the Turks in the neighborhood, and captured Iconium. In 1832 Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Turks there. The modern town, called KONIA, the capital of the Turkish vilayet of the same name, is a place of some 30,000 inhabitants, who live by commerce, by making stockings and gloves, and on the contributions of the numerous pilgrims who visit the holy places of the town. Here is the principal monastery of the Mevlevi or "dancing" dervishes in the Ottoman empire.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia