Iron Alloys
Very few of the metals alloy with cast iron in such a manner as to be of any practical value to the founder. True, there is a marked difference in the resultant mixture by the addition of alloys, but it does not affect them favorably as a rule. By the addition of a quarter of one per cent of copper, well stirred into the molten iron, a perceptible increase of density may be noticed, and the strength is increased somewhat. Again, if from 10 to 15 per cent of wrought scraps can be successfully mixed with the cast iron after the latter has been melted the same improvements are apparent. Much is claimed for the aluminum fluxes now offered, but any opinion as to their worth would, at this early stage of their application, be premature. See ALLOYS; ALUMINUM; GOLD.
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Iron Bark Tree
a name given in Australia to certain species of eucalyptus, and particularly E. resinifera, or red gum, on account of the extreme hardness of the bark.
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Iron Carrier, Foundry
The Hayes patent carrier for molten metal is described as follows: There is a continuous overhead track, which runs from the cupola to the extreme end of the floors and return. The floor may be of any length; there is no carrying of iron by hand. On this track ladles of any capacity from four hundred to one thousand pounds may be carried. From these large ladles the iron is poured into smaller ones, into hand-ladles, or larger ladles with double handles. A very unique and simple device is used for pouring the iron into the hand-ladles, so that the moulder need not hold the weight of the hand-ladle while the iron is being poured from the large ladle into the small one. The cupola is not stopped up from the time the iron commences to run until all is out. The very unique arrangement of having a catch-ladle which swings into the stream and catches the flowing iron while the exchange of large ladles is being made, saves all the annoyance around the cupola, and catches all the iron. Moulders never need leave their floors. The iron is brought to them by common laboring men. The apparatus is simple, durable, and so perfectly safe that it frees the foundry from the mishaps that often occur by the old methods of distributing iron.
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Iron Cross
a Prussian order, instituted Mar. 10, 1813, by Frederick William III., to be conferred for distinguished services in war. It was made of iron to commemorate the grim "iron" period at which it was created. The decoration consists of a maltese cross of iron, edged with silver, and is worn round the neck or at the buttonhole. The order was revived by William I. in 1870, on the eve of the great war with France. The grand cross, a cross of double the size, is presented exclusively for the gaining of a decisive battle, or the capture or brave defense of a fortress. In the course of the Great War (1914- 18) the Emperor Wilhelm II. awarded Emperor over a hundred thousand crosses to the German troops and officers.
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Iron Crown
a crown of gold set with jewels, made originally for the kings of Lombardy, and deriving its name from the fact that it inclosed within its round a circlet of iron, said to have been forged red from one of the nails used in the crucifixion of Christ. It was supposed to confer upon the holder sovereignty over all Italy. Napoleon I. was crowned with it at Milan on May 26, 1805.
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Iron Furnace
A furnace in which some operation connected with the manufacture of cast iron, malleable iron, or steel is conducted; as cupola, smelting, reverberatory furnaces, etc. The several furnaces employed for this purpose will be found described in their regular order.
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Iron Gate
in geography, a celebrated defile in the valley of the Danube. As the river passes southward out of Hungary it forces its way in a series of rapids through a narrow, rocky gorge, a mile and one-half in length. A canal has been constructed to enable vessels to pass through the Iron Gate. A railway also follows the water's edge. See Danube ; Belgrade
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Iron Gate of France
a name for the town of Longwy, a fortress of France on the Belgian frontier. Louis XIV. gave it the name.
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Iron Hand
THE. See BERLICHIN- GEN, GOETZ VON.
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Iron Mountain
a county-seat of Dickinson co., Mich.; on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and the Wisconsin and Michigan railroads, 50 miles N. W. of Escanaba. It derives excellent water power from the Menominee river; is the trade center for miners of Dickinson county and the adjoining farming section in Wisconsin; and is almost wholly engaged in iron mining. The city has several daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals, and a national bank. Pop. (1910) 9,216; (1920) 8,251.
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Iron Stone
a "stone" or mineral into the composition of which iron largely enters.
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Iron-lustre
Important: Safety Warning This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes. This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon. This lustre is obtained by dissolving zinc in muriatic acid, and mixing the solution with spirit of tar. To be applied on the surface of the iron.
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Iron-statue Moulding
Moulding statuary in iron. This branch of the art is necessarily more difficult than any other of the processes followed for the production of statuary in bronze, because the materials used for moulding with are less rigid, and demand more skill in their manipulation as a consequence. The core is built by the moulder, on which the sculptor carves his model in clay or wax, after which the moulder builds his cope around it in sections; the latter, when sufficiently hardened, are lifted away, the thickness removed, and the whole mould finished, dried, closed together, and cast like any other ordinary piece of loam-work. See STATUE-FOUNDING.
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Irons
shackles, fetters, or bilboes: for the feet, especially such as are used on board ship.
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