Islay
an island of Argyllshire, Scotland. Deeply indented on the S. by Loch Andail (12 by by 8 miles), Islay has a maximum length and breadth of 252 and 19 miles, and an area of 246 square miles. It contains several small freshwater lakes, and attains a height of 1,444 feet. ISLE OF FRANCE. See MAURITIUS.
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Isle of Wight
with the exception of the Isle of Man the largest island in the English seas, lies off the S. coast of the kingdom, separated from Hampshire by the Solent, a channel mainly ranging between 2 and 4 miles in breadth. Its extreme length, E. to W. from the Foreland to the Needles, is about 23 miles, and its extreme breadth, N. to S., Cowes to . The late Queen Victoria had a residence St. Catharine's Point, is about 13 miles on the Isle of Wight. The area is calculated at 145 square miles, but was formerly estimated at much more.
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Isle Perrot
a Canadian island in the St. Lawrence river above Montreal Island, and between Lake of Two Mountains and Lake St. Louis.
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Isle Royale
an island belonging to Michigan, in Lake Superior, 45 miles long, 9 miles wide; area, 229 square miles. The shores are generally rocky and broken. There are extensive veins of native copper, many of which have been worked in prehistoric times, as they are still.
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Isles
LORD OF THE, a title borne by a race of Scotch chiefs. ISMAELIANS.
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Ismaelians
a originating in the 1st century of the Hegira, and deriving its name from Ishmael or Ismael, one of Ali's descendants. From the 8th to the 12th century they were powerful in the East, and distributed themselves over Irak, Syria, Persia, and Egypt.
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Ismaelites
or See ISHMAELITES.
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Ismail
a town and river port in Russian Bessarabia; on the N. bank of the Kilia branch of the Danube, 48 miles from its mouth. Formerly a Turkish fortress, it was taken and destroyed by Suwaroff in December, 1790; came into possession of Russia in 1812; was assigned to Moldavia by the treaty of Paris, 1856, its fortifications being razed; and was transferred to Russia again by the Berlin Congress of 1878. It has an active trade in corn, wool, tallow, and hides. Pop. about 37,000.
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Ismail Pasha
celebrated for the facility with which a Khedive of Egypt, son of Ibrahim he used his native tongue, though the Pasha and grandson of Mehemet Ali; born in Cairo, in 1830. He was made commandant of the army in 1862, and succeeded Said Pasha as viceroy in 1863. In 1867 he acquired from the Porte the title of Khedive. His lavish expenditures not only greatly encumbered his own estate, but embarrassed all the people of Egypt. He took an active interest in the building of the Suez Canal, but under his mismanagement the country became so involved in debt that he was forced to abdicate. This he did, his son taking his place. Not being allowed by the Sultan to go to Constantinople, he made his home at Naples and various other places for many years, but finally died in Constantinople, March 2, 1895.
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Ismailia
a small town on Lake Timsah, through which the Suez Canal passes. It stands on the railway from Cairo to Suez and on the Sweet Water Canal.
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Isnik
a town of Asia Minor in which, in 325, the first ecumenical council was held.
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Isobaric Lines
lines drawn on a map or globe through all places where the barometer is at the same height at a certain time. Telegraphic communication enables these lines to be drawn with some immediateness.
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Isochromatic Lines
in optics, colored rings appearing when a pencil of polarized light is transmitted along the axis of a crystal, as of mica or niter, and, after passing through a plate of tourmaline, finally reaches the eye. (is-ōk'ron-ism), ISOCHRONISM a property appertaining to all systems in equilibrium, by which, when slightly disturbed more or less, the oscillations resulting are all performed in the same time, or so nearly in the same time that any retardation or acceleration is imperceptible. When a pendulum, for instance, is allowed to vibrate till it rests, it will be found that no perceptible difference exists between the vibrations of longer or shorter extent, the same number of vibrations being made in the same length of time. Again, in the finde product detect any difference sound produced by a musical string, in the pitch of a note made by a smart blow on the pianoforte key and a gentle touch; yet a very small difference in the number of vibrations per second would be perceptible to the ear.
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Isochronal
Uniform in time; moving in equal time. When the long and short arcs of a balance are caused to be performed in the same time by means of a hairspring, that spring is said to be an isochronal one, or isochronous. When the vibrations of a pendulum are all of the same duration, no matter through what extent of arc the pendulum moves, the vibrations are isochronal.
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Isodynamic
ISOCLINIC, and ISO- GONIC LINES, lines of equal force, equal inclination, and equal declination, are three systems of lines which being laid down on maps represent the magnetism of the globe as exhibited at the earth's surface in three classes of phenomena, the varying intensity of the force, the varying dip or inclination of the needle, and its varying declination from the true meridian.
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Isogeothermic Lines
a term introduced by Kupffer for lines drawn on a globe or map across those places in which the mean temperature of the soil is the same.
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Isomerism
in chemistry, a term applied to those bodies which are composed of the same elements, in the same proportions, but which differ either in their physical characteristics, or in their chemical properties. They may be divided into three distinct classes: isomeric, metameric, and polymeric bodies. Isomeric bodies or isomerides are those which show analogous decompositions and changes, when heated, or when treated with reagents, but differ in physical properties. Metameric bodies, or metamerides, are those which exhibit dissimilar transformations when heated, or when acted on by by reagents. Polymeric bodies, or polymerides, contain the same elements in the same proportions, but have different molecular weights.
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