Isomorphism
a general law, discovered in 1819 by Professor Mitscherlich, of Berlin, by which the variation of minerals is governed. single It is that the ingredients of any any species of mineral are not absolutely fixed as to their kind and quality, but one ingredient may be replaced by an equivalent portion of some analogous ingredient. Thus in augite the lime may be in part replaced by portions of peroxide of iron, or of manganese, while the form of the crystal and the angle of the cleavage plane remain the same. substitutions are, however, confined within certain limits.
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Isonandra
in botany, a genus of Sapotaceæ. Isonandria obovata, an evergreen tree, growing in Tenasserim, yields a kind of gutta-percha, and I. gutta, the gutta-percha itself.
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Isoperimetrical
in geometry, a term applied to figures which have equal circumferences or perimeters.
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Isopoda
in zoölogy, an order of Crustaceans, division Thoracipoda, legion Edriophthalmia. The body is composed of seven segments, as a rule nearly equal in size. The legs, which are seven pairs, are almost of the same length. They are fitted for walking, swimming, or adhering as parasites. The posterior (abdominal) appendages are converted into leaf-like respiratory apparatus. The heart is near the tail. The common wood louse is a well-known example of Isopoda.
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Isothermal Lines
lines on a globe or map passing over places in which the mean general temperature is the same. Humboldt first generalized the observations and collected the facts bearing on isothermal lines.
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Isotropism
physical homogeneity or amorphism; identity of elastic forces of propagation of vibration (light, heat , sound), or identity of susceptibility to magnetization, in all directions. ISRÄELS
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Issik-Kul
lake in a Central Asia, in the Russian province of Semiryetchensk, situated, at an elevation of 5,000 feet above sea level, between the Terskei Ala-tau range on the S. and the Kangei Ala-tau on the N. It measures 112 miles long, 38 miles broad, and covers an area of 1,980 square miles. Its water is very salty, but full of fish.
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Issue
in law, the point of fact in dispute which is submitted to a jury.
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Issus
anciently, a seaport on a gulf of the same name in Cilicia, Asia Minor, celebrated for the victory which Alexander the Great obtained here over Darius (333 b. c.), by which the camp and treasure and family of Darius fell into his hands.
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Issy
a village in the French department of Seine, half a mile S. W. from Paris. There are manufactures of wax, cloth, chemicals, etc. Here on July 3, 1815, Blücher defeated Davoût. In 1870-1871, during the siege of Paris by the Germans, the fort of Issy suffered severely from the artillery fire. It now forms part of the S. W. defenses of Paris. Pop. about 20,000.
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Istar
the ancient Babylonian god of war and destruction. ISTER. See DANUBE.
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Isthmus
in geography, a narrow neck of land joining two larger portions, as the Isthmus of Suez and the Isthmus of Panama. The name was often employed by the ancients without any addition to designate the Isthmus of Corinth, joining the Peloponnesus to continental Hellas. Here were celebrated the Isthmian games.
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Istria
an Austrian margraviate until 1918-now a part of Italy, 210 ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE forming a peninsula in the N. E. corner of the Adriatic Sea, between the Gulf of Trieste and the Gulf of Fiume or Quarnero. Though a mountainous land, often swept by the sirocco and bora winds, it yields excellent olive oil and wine. Area, with the adjacent islands, 1,812 square miles; pop. about 400,000. Capital, Rovigno. After the collapse of Austria in the World War in 1918, Allied forces occupied Pola, the naval base on the peninsula.
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Isvolsky
ALEXANDER PETRO- VITCH, a Russian statesman; born in Moscow, 1856. Having finished his education, at the age of twenty-two, he at once entered the diplomatic service and was sent to Rome, with the result that a Russian legation was established in the Vatican. Was appointed ambassador to Japan, in 1900, and to Denmark in 1902. Became Foreign Minister in 1906, and in 1910 went to France as ambassador, where he remained till after the Revolution of 1917, when he resigned.
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Itacolumite
a schistose quartzite, containing scales of mica, talc, and chlorite, which are often so arranged as to give a certain flexibility to the rock (flexible sandstone). In Brazil and the S. E. States of North America itacolumite is the matrix in which diamonds are found.
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Italian Literature
. See Literature
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Itasca
i-tas'ka, a small lake in northern Minnesota. It is the source of the Mississippi. It was discovered by H. R. Schoolcraft and the Reverend W. T. Boutwell in 1832. The latter states that they coined the name from "Veritas caput," bad Latin for "the true head." By cutting off the first syllable and the last, a word was left having an Indian sound. The lake occupies a heart-shaped depression in the glacial drift which covers the country. Its area is only 1,130 acres. The river is about twenty feet wide and a foot deep, as it issues from the northern point. The southern end of the lake divides into two arms. A number of brooks and springs keep the water at a permanent stage. The surrounding bluffs are perhaps from twenty to 100 feet in height. The region is covered with tamarack swamps, hazel brush, and poplar and pine forests. Minnesota has set aside thirty-five square miles as a state park. A hotel has been built for the entertainment of tourists. A canoe trip from Lake Itasca down the river is quite practicable. The lake is from four to sixty feet deep. Schoolcraft Island of a few acres occupies the center. See Mississippi River
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Itasca Lake
in Beltrami and Cass counties, Minn.; first seen by William Morrison, a fur trader, in 1804; was explored by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft in 1832. It is the first considerable gathering of the furthermost streams which form the Mississippi, one of these being in volume entitled to be called the young Mississippi; the lake therefore is justly considered the source of the great river. The so-called "Glazier Lake" of some maps is merely an old bay of it partially settled up, and the claim of William Glazier to have discovered the "true source" has no foundation.
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