Ichnology
the name applied to the modern science of fossil foot-prints, or other impressions on rocks.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Single-source entries: I (4)
These 15 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Ichnology, Ichthelide, Ichthyol.
Ichthelide
the sunfishes of Jordan a family of Acanthopteri. They are percoid fishes with a single dorsal fin, either continuous or deeply divided, with 8 to 12 spines; anal fin large with 3 to 9 spines; body oblong, more or less elevated, sometimes much compressed. Colors usually brilliant, chiefly olive-green, with spots or shades of blue, yellow, orange, or violet. Freshwater carnivorous fishes, many of which build nests which they defend with great courage. Genera about 15, species 40, all of the United States; most abundant in the Mississippi valley. Sub-families, Micropterinæ, Čentrarchinæ, and Ichthelinæ.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyol
a medicine prescribed for its effect upon the alimentary canal and the general system. Its basis is a bituminous mineral rich in fish fossils.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyology
the science which treats of fishes. See FISH.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyophagy
the practice or habit of eating fish; fish diet.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyopsida
one of the three great primary divisions of the Vertebrata (the others being Sauropsida and Mammalia), comprising the fishes and amphibia.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyornis
a fossil genus of carnivorous and probably aquatic birds, one of the earliest known American forms. It is so named from the character of the vertebræ, which, even in the cervical region, have their articular faces biconcave as in fishes. It is also characterized by having teeth set in distinct sockets.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Ichthyosaurus
an extinct fish-lizard; the typical genus of the order Ichthyosauria. It consists of gigantic fossil marine reptiles, with jaws which show them to have been carnivorous. Their vertebræ were fishlike, their paddles like those of a porpoise or a whale, and their long powerful tail a propeller which enable them to dart with great rapidity through the water. The genus extended from the Trias of Germany to the White Chalk of England.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Icica
a genus of Amyrids, family Burseridæ. It consists chiefly of tall trees with balsamic or resinous juice, unequally pinnate or ternate leaves, and racemes or heads of small whitish or greenish flowers. About 20 species are known, found mostly in the warmer parts of America. Icica guianensis furnishes incense-wood; I. icicariba, part of the American elemi; I. carana, the American balm of Gilead; I. aracouchini, the balsam of acouchi; I. ambrosiaca, the resin of coumia; and I. altissima, the curana, samaria, acuyari, mara, or cedarwood of Guiana.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Iconium
an ancient town of Asia Minor, on the W. edge of the plateau that skirts the N. slopes of the Taurus Mountains. The capital under the Romans of Lycaonia, it was three times visited by St. Paul, who founded there a Christian Church. In 708 it fell into the hands of the Arab conquerors. Its prosperity culminated in the end of the 11th century, when it was made the capital of the Seljuk empire. In 1190 Frederick Barbarossa defeated the Turks in the neighborhood, and captured Iconium. In 1832 Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Turks there. The modern town, called KONIA, the capital of the Turkish vilayet of the same name, is a place of some 30,000 inhabitants, who live by commerce, by making stockings and gloves, and on the contributions of the numerous pilgrims who visit the holy places of the town. Here is the principal monastery of the Mevlevi or "dancing" dervishes in the Ottoman empire.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Iconoclast
a breaker or destroyer of images; a title applied to two of the Byzantine emperors, Leo the Isaurian, and his son Constantine Capronymus, who during their reigns, which extended from 726 to 795, persevered in overthrowing the images in the Christian churches, and in extirpatbishops ing their worship. The 338 , pishops, also, who attended a council at Constantinople in the reign of the latter prince, and declared themselves in favor of his views, were stigmatized by the orthodox out spurs in a W. direction extending party under the same name.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Iconoclasts
in the history of the Eastern church, a sect bent on removing images from the service of the church. The term means image breakers. The Iconoclasts flourished during the eighth and ninth centuries. They interpreted the second commandment to forbid all artistic symbols, whether painted, engraved or carved. They held that the ignorant degraded symbols into idols. They rose in influence under the Greek emperor, Leo the Isaurian, by whom images were ordered out of the churches. Eastern mobs sacked the sacred edifices in religious fury, cutting canvas from frames, defacing artistic walls, smashing priceless statuary, and breaking carvings from the stone work. A great schism arose. The eastern and the western branches of the church separated. The Roman or western church resisted the iconoclastic movement and church art was preserved up to the time of the Protestant Reformation, when the vandal mob defaced and destroyed many valuable works, particularly in Germany, the Low Countries, and in Scotland. England also has much to regret at the hands of iconoclasts.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Iconography
in an extended sense, the description of any figures found in paintings and sculpture, as well as monumental records of ancient date; but in its restricted signification this word is confined to descriptions and drawings of any sculptured images or paintings of the human form, animals, and inanimate objects, that are found in buildings and appurtenances, and furniture devoted to ecclesiastical purposes.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Icteria
a genus of birds placed by Swainson under his sub-family Brachypodiæ (short-footed thrushes). I. virens, or viridis (I. polyglotta of Wilson) the yellow-breasted chat, is found in the United States. It 1 has great powers of imitating the sounds which it hears.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Icteride
a name for orioles; a family of Passeres, insessorial birds. The bill has the commissure angulated, with no notch; the primaries nine; the legs stout; the plumage usunine ally brilliant; the notes sharp, sharp, often melodious, in other cases harsh. Subfamilies three, Agelainæ, Icterinæ, and Quiscalinæ. About 20 genera and 100 species are known, all American. The Baltimore oriole or hang-nest is the Icterus galbula. It is a favorite bird in the eastern part of North America and is a migratory bird, arriving in late spring and leaving again in midsummer or up to early fall. Its plumage is black and orange.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia