Idaho Falls
a city of Idaho, the county seat of Bonneville Co. It is in the midst of an important agricultural region, well irrigated. It has excellent water power. It has a sugar factory and other industries. There is a Carnegie library and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 4,827; (1920) 8,064. IDAHO, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational, non-sectarian institution in Moscow, Ida.; founded in 1889; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 80; students, 782; volumes in the library, 45,000; productive funds, $6,000,000; income, $684,000; president, Ernest Hiram Lindley, Ph. D.
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Idalium
now DALI, a promontory of the E. coast of Cyprus on which was a celebrated temple of Venus; hence her surname "Idalia."
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Iddesleigh
STAFFORD HENRY NORTHCOTE, ist EARL OF (id'desli), an English statesman; born in 1818. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, became private secretary to Gladstone in 1843, and was called to the bar in 1847. In 1851 he succeeded his grandfather in the family baronetcy. He held various offices, being long member for North Devon. He published a treatise, "Twenty Years of Financial Policy," in 1862. He was made special commissioner to the United States to arrange the "Alabama" difficulty. Subsequently he was secretary for India (1867-1868) and chancellor of the exchequer (1874- 1880). Upon Mr. Disraeli's elevation to the peerage he became leader of the Lower House. He was elected lord rector of Edinburgh University in 1883. Lord Salisbury having undertaken to form a government, he was created (1885) Earl of Iddesleigh, and became first lord of the treasury. He died in 1887.
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Ide
a fish of the carp family, the Leuciscus idus, found in rocky lakes of Northern Europe. It is a good table fish.
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Ide
HENRY CLAY, an American diplomat; born at Barnet, Vt., in 1844. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1866. He was admitted to the bar and was State's attorney of Vermont from 1876 to 1878. From 1882 to 1885 he was a member of the Vermont Senate. He was United States Commissioner to Samoa in 1891 and was Chief Justice of Samoa under joint appointment of England, Germany and the United States from 1893 to 1897. He was a member ernment in the Philippines in 1900, and was Secretary of Finance and Justice in the Philippines in 1901. He acted as Vice-Governor in 1904-1905, acting governor in 1905-1906, and Governor-General in 1906. He was Minister to Spain from 1909 to 1913. He wrote several volumes on the administration and government in the Philippines and contributed articles to various publications.
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Ideal Realism
a name for the teachings of an eclectic branch of the Kantian school, who attempted to build up a harmonious system without sacrificing Kant's realistic postulates to his idealistic teachings, or conversely giving up the latter in favor of the former. Schleiermacher, Ulrici, and Trendelenburg were of this section of Kantists.
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Idealism
the name given to certain philosophical systems which deny the individual existence of object apart from subject; or of both apart from God or the Absolute. Idealism denies the existence of bodies, holding that their apare merely ideas (perceppearances tions) of the cogitant subject. Subjective idealism teaches that these ideas are produced by the mind; objective idealism that God is their author. To these two hypotheses all idealism may be reduced. Zeno of Elea, in classic times, anticipated modern idealism. Berkeley developing Locke, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz did much to revive idealism. Kant has been claimed as an idealist-Franck makes Kant's idéalisme subjectif one of the three divisions to which he refers all modifications of Ideal philosophy. Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel are the founders of the great schools of German Idealism, called respectively, Subjective, Objective, and Absolute. For Fichte the object has no real existence, but is dependent on the subject; the non- Ego is the product of the Ego (the human soul). For Schelling object and subject are equally real, and equally manifestations of the Ego (in his system the Absolute, the Substance of Spinoza). Hegel's only reality in this case is the relation between the Ego and the non-Ego.
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Identity
the quality or state of being identical or the same; sameness; identicalness. Personal. The sameness of each individual throughout life, though the atoms of which the body are composed, the disposition, habits, and modes of thought, are continually changing. Principle. The principle that every ens is necessary itself and not any other ens. This follows directly from the first principle of Scholastic Philosophy, sometimes called the Principle of Contradiction. The same thing cannot be and notbe at the same time. Philosophy. The name given to the objective idealism of Schelling. According to this system, object and subject, real and ideal, nature and spirit are indentical (not in themselves, but) "in the Absolute," of which they are manifestations.
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Ideology
a term introduced by Destutt de Tracy in his "Elements of Ideology" (1801-1804) to designate the philosophy of the French Sensational School. The mind, according to de Tracy, is nothing but sensation, or more properly the sensibility of which sensation is the exercise. The word has now come to have a more extended meaning, and its use is not confined to a particular school.
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Idler
1, An idle wheel. 2, A wheel for transmitting motion from one wheel to another, either by contact or by means of belts, as the wheel on a countershaft, or overhead fixture. 3, An intermediate wheel used for reversing motion. Figs. 172 and 173 illustrate two forms of idlers, sometimes called overhead fixtures. The supports for the idlers are adjustable in all directions. They are especially valuable for use on slide rest tools, such as polisher, milling attachments, etc., to give a vertical direction to the belts. The rods are about 20 inches long and the pattern shown in Fig. 172 has a ball and socket joint where it is screwed to the bench. The radial arms which hold the pulleys may be adjusted to any position on the rod by means of a thumb screw, and the pulleys have a lateral play of 3/4 of an inch to aid in maintaining greater freedom of the belt during the travel of the tool on the slide rest. The idlers shown were designed by A. W. Johanson, and have hard rubber pulleys 1 3/4 inches in diameter, having brass bushings. The style shown in Fig. 173 is intended to be clamped on the swiveled bearing of the counter shafts which are supported on standards.
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