Jabalpur
chief town of Jabalpur district, Central Provinces, India. Standing at the junction of the East Indian and Great Indian Peninsula systems, Jabalpur is one of the most important railways stations in India. It is the second commercial town in the Central Provinces, and manufactures cotton, tents, and carpets. Pop. about 100,650. The district of Jabalpur has an area of 3,918 square miles, and a population of about 700,000.
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Jablunka Pass
a pass across the Carpathian Mountains, in Hungary. It is 1,970 feet high, and is traversed by a railroad.
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Jaborandi
a plant, either a piper or of the rutaceous genus Pilocarpus. It is valued in medicine as a sudorific.
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Jaca
the devil in the mythology of Ceylon.
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Jacamar
the name generally given to the birds ranked under Galbulidæ, a sub-family of Alcedinidæ or kingfishers. The jacamars have the bill less stout than the typical Alcedine; their body also is more slender; the tail long; the toes either in two pairs, or two before and one behind, the anterior ones being united. They are bright-colored birds, generally with a good deal of green in their plumage. They are found in the tropical parts of South America and in the West Indies.
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Jacana
a genus of grallatores (Parra of Linnæus), family Rallidæ, distinguished by the extraordinary length of their toes and their spinelike claws, especially that of the hinder toe. They are very light birds; and the is a palatal, its sound being that of gwide surface over which their toes extend enables them the more easily to procure their food, consisting of worms, small fishes, and insects, by walking on the leaves of aquatic plants which float on the water. Various species of the jacana, which in contour and habit resemble the English moor hen, are spread over the tropical regions of both the Old and New World.
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Jacchus
a name given to the sapajous of the genera Hapale and Midas, also commonly known as marmozets, ouistitis, and tamarins. They are monkeys of small size, with short muzzle, flesh colored face, and round head. The five fingers are armed with claws, except the thumbs of the posterior extremities, which have nails; fur very soft; tail full and handsome. Length of body about eight inches; tail 11. General color olive-gray; head and shoulders nearly black; the tail and lower part of the back are annulated with pale gray; and two tufts of pale hair grow round the ears. They are squirrel-like in their habits, and omnivorous; feeding on roots, seeds, fruits, insects, snails, and young birds. Natives of Guiana and Brazil.
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Jacitara
in botany, Desmoncus macracanthos, a fine palm, 50 or 60 feet long, with a stem as thin as a cane. It grows along the Amazon and the Rio Negro.
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Jack
or JACA (Artocarpus integrifolia), a tree of the same genus with the bread fruit, a native of the East Indies. It is a larger tree than the bread fruit, and has larger fruit.
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Jack and Jill
an English nursery rhyme. The story has its origin probably in an old Scandinavian myth. According to this story Jack and Jill were two children whose father compelled them to draw water all day long. They carried the water in a bucket slung upon a pole, the ends of which rested on the children's shoulders. The Moon in pity stole the children that they might be free from their hard labor. To this day their figures may be seen in the moon and are pointed out by the Scandinavian peasants to the little folks as we point out the man in the moon. The English rhyme has undergone many changes, but the two children and the pail of water remain a part of it.
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Jack Daw
or DAW, in ornithology, or Corvus monedula, the small- Colæus est of crows, being but 13 inches in length. The general color is black, with a grayish shade on the margins of the feathers, the back and wings purplish; the crown of the head is glossy blue black, forming a cap; the neck hoarygray, the bill and feet black, the eye bluish-white.
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Jack Frost
in nursery lore, the personification of the frost. Jack Frost is a mischievous boy who unexpectedly bites children's noses, pinches their cheeks, and makes their fingers tingle. Jack Frost paints the window panes with beautiful pictures, he freezes the lakes and rivers, and will often break a water pitcher or a glass if it is left where he can get at it. In winter Jack bursts the hard shells of buried nuts, so that the green leaves can peep forth.
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Jack Rabbit
a large rabbit or hare found in the S. and W. of the United States.
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Jackal
the Canis (Sacalius) aureus, an animal of the family Canidæ, and presenting a close affinity to the dog. It is yellowish-gray above, whiter under- 219 neath, the tail is bushy and at its extremity tipped with black. The jackal inhabits the warm parts of Africa, southern Asia, and Europe. It hunts in packs and feeds on carrion. There is another species, C. mesomelas, the black-backed jackal. It is found at the Cape of Good Hope. JACKASS PENGUIN (Eudytes demersa), a species of penguin which rises to the surface and again dives with great rapidity, so that, according to Darwin, it might be mistaken for a fish leaping for sport.
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Jacket-core
The core which forms the space betwixt inner and outer shells of a jacketed casting, as a jacketed cylinder, etc. Sometimes these shells are joined together by studs at intervals, in which case the core must invariably be made in one piece, and vented at the top through holes purposely made in the casting for this purpose, but which are subsequently plugged. If a convenient branch, etc., offers the opportunity for making adequate vent connections, the labor of plugging is saved. When the shells are joined by parallel webs the jacket-core is divided into as many segments as there are webs, and each core is vented separately. In the former case a cage or skeleton core-iron serves to construct the core; the latter needs only a centre web with protruding wings. For constructing a whole jacket-core the dummy-block is a cheap and effective device; a narrow core-box is all that is necessary for the web-jacket. See DUMMY-BLOCK; SKELETON; CORE-IRON; VENTING.
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