Jiddah
or JEDDAH, a seaport of the Hedjaz, Arabia; on the Red Sea, about 65 miles W. of Mecca. It owes its importance to the fact that it is the port of Mecca, and consequently the place of disembarkation for pilgrims bound for the Holy City. JIHAD or JEHAD (jē-had'), a holy war proclaimed by the Mussulmans against Christians. The Sheeahs do not consider it legitimate to do this. The Soonees reserve the measure for great to set emergencies. Fanatics attempted one on foot in India in 1877. Sheik ul Islam, at Constantinople, proclaimed one against the Russians about 1877. Anproclaimed after Turkey enother was tered the World War in 1915, but it was a failure.
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Jigger
or Chigre, a small flea found in the West Indies and South America . The female burrows under a person's skin, especially beneath the skin of the foot. At first a slight itching is the only indication of the insect's presence, but the jigger's abdomen soon swells up with eggs to the size of a pea, and a painful ulcer is formed in which the colony of young jiggers make a temporary home. Rubbing the exposed parts of the body with tobacco leaves is regarded as a preventive. In the South the same name is applied to the unrelated harvest mites which attach themselves like ticks to the human body and make painful red swellings or "jigger bites."
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Jimenez
a town of Chihuahua, Mexico, on an affluent of the Conchos river, 271 miles S. of El Paso, and 125 miles S. E. of Chihuahua city. The output of the Parral mining district, 50 miles W., is shipped here. JIMMU-TENNO (jim'mö-ten'nō) ("Jimmu the emperor"), the supposed founder of the present Japanese dynasty, 5th in descent from the sun, and said to have ascended the throne in 660 B. C., the year from which the national records are dated. The national holiday, Feb. 11, is devoted to his worship. JINRIKISHA (-rik'-) ("manpower vehicle"), light, two-wheeled carriage, resembling a gig, containing one a or two persons, and drawn by a human runner between the shafts, universally used in Japan. It dates from about 1868. The fare is from two to five cents a mile. (zhit- ZHITOMIR JITOMIR, or om'er), formerly capital of the Government of Volhynia, Russia; now in the Tetereff; is Republic of Ukraine, on the city. Pop., about an ancient Lithuanian 100,000.
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Jimsonweed
a well known rank, illscented annual, two to five feet high, belonging to the potato family. It has yellowish green, leafy, much branched stems, bearing a profusion of large white funnelshaped flowers about three inches in length. Both the leaves and seeds are medicinal, being used principally in cases of asthma. Children are occasionally poisoned by eating the seeds. The name is derived from Jamestown, where the plant was originally introduced with other weeds from Europe. It is known to the druggist as stramonium. About 100,000 pounds of dried leaves are imported annually. It is exceedingly common in the old fields of Virginia and elsewhere, chiefly in the South, but foreigners gather the leaf at less expense.
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Jingo
in British politics, a name applied to men or a party desirous of engaging in a foreign war. The term acquired this meaning during the political campaign of 1877, when there was loud talk in England of war with Russia on behalf of the Turks or really for the custody of the Hellespont. A favorite campaign doggerel of the conservatives was the following: We don't want to fight; But, by jingo, if we do, We've got the ships, We've got the men, We've got the money, too. The term "Jingo" is now applied in any country to those whose patriotism consists mainly in threatening other countries.
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Joachim
JOSEPH (yo-ä'kim), a German violinist; born in Kittsee, near Pressburg, June 28, 1831. He first appeared in London in 1844. His per- , Pest, Paris, and formances at Vienna London established for him the position . of one of the first violinists of the day Died 1907.
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Joachimite
a follower of Joachim, Abbot of Flors, in Calabria. The Joachimites were a branch of the Fratricelli. They were condemned by the Council of Lateran in 1215, and by that of Arles in 1260-1261. JOACHIMSTAL (that is, Joachim's Valley), a town of Bohemia, on the southern declivities of the Erzgebirge, miles 2,440 feet above sea level, and four from the Saxon boundary. Pop. of commune, about 7,500. Some manufacturing and trade interests. It is to this place that the German word Thaler or Taler owes its name. In 1518 the Count von Schlick issued here silver coins called guldengroschen, but these coins were popular, popular, Joachimsthaler (that is, belonging to, or coming from, Joachim's Thal or Valley), and this name was soon shortened to thaler. It is perhaps from this source that the name of the American dollar came.
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Job
a patriarch notable for his patience. In the English version of the Bible, Job stands 1st in order of the poetic books of the Old Testament, but it is the 3rd in the Hebrew Scriptures, Psalms and Proverbs preceding it, and the Song of Solomon comin coming next. A prologue (ch. i. ii.) and the conclusion (ch. xlii: 7-17), are in prose. The rest is poetry and of a very high order. The book of Job is absolutely unique in the Old Testament. The hero is not a Jew. While the name Jehovah is used, the whole history of the Mosaic law and the chosen people is ignored. The author seems well acquainted with Egypt, its crocodiles (xli.), and its pyramids (?) (iii: 14), and the desert with its ostriches (xxxix: 13-18), its wild asses (xxiv: 5, xxxix: 5-8), and its too successful, tent-living predatory tribes (xii: 6). The language is Hebrew, with various Aramaisms, and with a faint Arabic tinge. The view still held by most commentators is that the book is very ancient, and its author probably Moses. If so, then it is intelligible why there is a resemblance between expressions in Job and in Genesis. (See Gen. ii: 23, and Job ii:5; Gen. iv: 21, and Job xxi: 12, xxx: 31; Gen. vi: 2, and Job i: 6.) Others place it about the time of Solomon or that of one of the succeeding kings;
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