Jenner
SIR WILLIAM VILLIAM, an Englis physician; born in Chatham in 1815; , an English was educated at literature In Chatham in 1810 University College, London, where he professor of niversity College, Lon himself was professor (latterly of Practice science at Inimself was professo of Medicine) from 1848 till 1879. 1901, and ice of Medicine) from He was appointed physician in ordinary professor appointed phys to the queen in 1862, and to the Prince of Univerto the queen in 1862 Wales in 1863; was made a baronet ( was proof Wales in 1863; wa 1868), 1872), of the 368), K. C. B. (1872) G. C. B. (1893), F. R. S., president K. C. B. ( the College lent New York F. R. S., president o of of Physicians, etc. It was he who established research ysicians, etc. It wa the difference between typhus and typhoid public adthe difference between fevers (1851). He died Dec. 11, 1898 . From id fevers (1851). H . agent of Commission jef'tha), one of the judges of Israel, who made a remarkable
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Jenner (EDWARD WARD an English an Engl)
EDWARD, WARD, an English an Engl physician; born in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, in 1749. Berkeley, Glouc After many years devoted to the Aft After many yea GENGHIS consideration of, and experiments sideration of, and e made with, vaccine lymph (or fluid taken from Ith, vaccine lymph WHIPPLE, an a pustule on the teat of a cow), as pustule on the teat , born in a specific for smallpox, Jenner was for fic for smallpox, Je graduated rst time, in 1796, e abled to satisfy many medical men that the first time, in 1796, enthe lymph, when inserted in 1878. any medical men the under the skin of a patient of any in foreign serted under the sic to the bar age, acted as a prophylactic, or any age, acted as preventive of the disease known as smallpox. law. For eventive of the disea He died in 1823. and Latin He died in 1823. College professor of
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Jenner, Edward
Edward (1749-1823), an English physician of Gloucestershire. Young Jenner went up to London and studied medicine with the celebrated anatomist, John Hunter, in whose family he lived for two years. On returning to his native Berkeley he gave his attention to the plague of smallpox permanently prevalent in all parts of the country. Starting with the hint given by the dairymen that those who had taken cowpox by milking cows were not subject to smallpox. Dr. Jenner investigated the matter and formulated a regular plan of giving vaccinia or cowpox as a preventive of the more dangerous pox. He had the courage even to vaccinate his own child. In 1798 he published his method of vaccination. It was ridiculed by the medical profession, but Jenner had friends in good standing. His method was adopted for the British Army, and grants of $150,000 were made him by Parliament. See Vaccination ; Smallpox
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Jennings, Hargrave
Jennings, Hargrave (See Rosicrucians .)
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Jephthah
one Industrial of the tho made a remarkable States and vow before he marched against the Ammonites, that if he proved victorious he would offer to the Lord marched against the commisf he proved victorious to inthe first living thing which should come he Lord the first living to meet him on his return. This and income to meet him on happened to be his only daughter police in happened to be his as special have om he is said to have sacrificed to fulfil his rash vow. , whom he is said to his rash vow. But on the But many learned writers contend that the ters contend that the in China. daughter, instead of being sacrificed, was devoted to perpetual of being sacrificed, was virginity. member of al virginity. Commisthe High
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Jepson
EDGAR, a AR, a British novelist. He was born in London, and was edu- British novelist. cated at 1906 and London, and was edu- American Leamington and Oxford. In 1889-93 he lived ton and Oxford. In in the Barbados but returned to London many the Barbados but including where he has since chiefly lived on where he has since " Report . His first book "Sibyl Falcon," appeared first book "Sibyl in 1895. His other works include: " in the in 1895. His other in the The Passion for Romance"; "Keepers The Passion for Roof the People"; "On the Edge of the many of the People"; "On Empire"; "The Sentimental Warrior" Industrial Empire"; "The Senti- ; "The Dictator's "The Dictator's Daughter"; "The Admirable Tinker"; "The Horned Shepherd"; "Pollyooly"; "Garthoyle Gardens"; "The Night Hawk"; "Esther Lawes."
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Jericho
. See Palestine Jerome of Prague (1370-1416), a Bohemian reformer. He was a native of Prague. After the manner of the time he wandered from university to university, listening to lectures, all, of course, in the Latin language. He visited in this way Oxford, Paris, Cologne, and Heidelberg, as well as the famous institution in his native town. He became associated with John Huss, and adopted his theological views. He was a man of great learning and convincing eloquence, hot-headed and disposed to proceed to extremes. Monks who opposed his teachings he caused to be arrested and thrown into prison. He burned the pope's bull publicly, and in many ways incurred unnecessary enmity. When Huss was arrested at Constance Jerome hastened to his defense. He was arrested and thrown into prison. Here he lay for over a year and agreed to recant the heresy with which he and his friend Huss were charged. This, however, did not save his life. May 30, 1416, he was, by command of the council, publicly burned at the stake. His ashes were thrown into the Rhine. A large boulder with an appropriate inscription marks the spot where Jerome suffered martyrdom. See Huss ; Bohemia ; Prague
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Jericho (City of the Canaanites)
a city of the Canaanites, in a plain on the W. side of the Jordan, near its mouth. It was destroyed by Joshua, rebuilt in the time of the judges, and formed an independent frontier fortress of Judæa. It was again destroyed by Vespasian, rebuilt under Hadrian, and finally destroyed during the crusades. The site of Jericho has usually been fixed at Rihah, a mean and foul Arab hamlet of some 200 inhabitants. Recent travelers, however, show that the probable location of Jericho was 2 miles W. of Rihah, at the mouth of Wady Kelt, and where the road from Jerusalem debouches into the plain. On the W. and N. of Jericho rise high limestone hills, dreary Quarantana deone of which, the rives its name from the modern tradiof our Lord's tion that it was the scene 40 days' fast and temptation. Jericho under was captured by British forces Gen. Allenby in February, 1918.
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