Jewett, Sarah Orne
Sarah Orne (1849-), an American novelist and writer of short stories. She was born in South Berwick, Maine, and began contributing to the Atlantic Monthly when about twenty years of age. Among her books may be mentioned: Deephaven, Country Byways, A Marsh Island, A Country Doctor, Betty Leicester, The Story of the Normans, The Life of Nancy, Betty Leicester's Christmas, and The Country of the Pointed Firs. Her stories are delicately drawn pictures of New England . "Her books are alive with the fragrance of the woods, the murmur of pines, the lilt of the ebbing tide in the lush sea grass, and the simple occupations of homely country folk."
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Jewish Literature
. See Literature
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Jezirah
one of the two principal works of the Kabbala, its date being assigned by some to the 1st, by others to the 8th or 9th century.
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Jezreel
a city of Issachar (Josh. : 18), W. of Bethshean. Jezxix in the time reel was called Esdraela of the Maccabees, and is now replaced by a small and ruinous Arab village called Zerin, at the N. W. point of Mount Gilboa. Also the name of the great plain lying between Jezreel and Acre.
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Jhelum
or JEHLAM (jel'um), also called the Bitasta (whence the ancient Hydaspes), one of the rivers of the Punjab. It rises in the mountains of Kashmir, which country forms its upper basin, and is navigable for about 70 out State. On the of 130 miles within that banks of this river was fought the battle Porus. between Alexander the Great and
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Jib
a large triangular sail set on a stay, forward of the fore stay-sail, between the fore-top mast-head and jibboom in large vessels. It occupies a position between the mast-head and bowsprit in cutters, schooners, and small craft, and does not necessari necessarily run on a names stay. Jibs are known by various , according to position, etc., as inner-jib, Bled 19 outer-jib, standing-jib, flying-jib, spindlejibjib, storm-jib, jib-of-jibs, etc. A topsail or balloon-jib extends toward the topmast head, and in cutter yachts is sometimes a very large sail. Also, the extended arm of a crane; or that spar botof a derrick which is stepped at the tom and connected by tackle at the top to the vertical post.
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Jiddah
or JEDDAH, a seaport of the Hedjaz, Arabia; on the Red Sea, about 65 miles W. of Mecca. It owes its importance to the fact that it is the port of Mecca, and consequently the place of disembarkation for pilgrims bound for the Holy City. JIHAD or JEHAD (jē-had'), a holy war proclaimed by the Mussulmans against Christians. The Sheeahs do not consider it legitimate to do this. The Soonees reserve the measure for great to set emergencies. Fanatics attempted one on foot in India in 1877. Sheik ul Islam, at Constantinople, proclaimed one against the Russians about 1877. Anproclaimed after Turkey enother was tered the World War in 1915, but it was a failure.
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Jigger
or Chigre, a small flea found in the West Indies and South America . The female burrows under a person's skin, especially beneath the skin of the foot. At first a slight itching is the only indication of the insect's presence, but the jigger's abdomen soon swells up with eggs to the size of a pea, and a painful ulcer is formed in which the colony of young jiggers make a temporary home. Rubbing the exposed parts of the body with tobacco leaves is regarded as a preventive. In the South the same name is applied to the unrelated harvest mites which attach themselves like ticks to the human body and make painful red swellings or "jigger bites."
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Jimenez
a town of Chihuahua, Mexico, on an affluent of the Conchos river, 271 miles S. of El Paso, and 125 miles S. E. of Chihuahua city. The output of the Parral mining district, 50 miles W., is shipped here. JIMMU-TENNO (jim'mö-ten'nō) ("Jimmu the emperor"), the supposed founder of the present Japanese dynasty, 5th in descent from the sun, and said to have ascended the throne in 660 B. C., the year from which the national records are dated. The national holiday, Feb. 11, is devoted to his worship. JINRIKISHA (-rik'-) ("manpower vehicle"), light, two-wheeled carriage, resembling a gig, containing one a or two persons, and drawn by a human runner between the shafts, universally used in Japan. It dates from about 1868. The fare is from two to five cents a mile. (zhit- ZHITOMIR JITOMIR, or om'er), formerly capital of the Government of Volhynia, Russia; now in the Tetereff; is Republic of Ukraine, on the city. Pop., about an ancient Lithuanian 100,000.
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Jimsonweed
a well known rank, illscented annual, two to five feet high, belonging to the potato family. It has yellowish green, leafy, much branched stems, bearing a profusion of large white funnelshaped flowers about three inches in length. Both the leaves and seeds are medicinal, being used principally in cases of asthma. Children are occasionally poisoned by eating the seeds. The name is derived from Jamestown, where the plant was originally introduced with other weeds from Europe. It is known to the druggist as stramonium. About 100,000 pounds of dried leaves are imported annually. It is exceedingly common in the old fields of Virginia and elsewhere, chiefly in the South, but foreigners gather the leaf at less expense.
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Jingo
in British politics, a name applied to men or a party desirous of engaging in a foreign war. The term acquired this meaning during the political campaign of 1877, when there was loud talk in England of war with Russia on behalf of the Turks or really for the custody of the Hellespont. A favorite campaign doggerel of the conservatives was the following: We don't want to fight; But, by jingo, if we do, We've got the ships, We've got the men, We've got the money, too. The term "Jingo" is now applied in any country to those whose patriotism consists mainly in threatening other countries.
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Joachim
JOSEPH (yo-ä'kim), a German violinist; born in Kittsee, near Pressburg, June 28, 1831. He first appeared in London in 1844. His per- , Pest, Paris, and formances at Vienna London established for him the position . of one of the first violinists of the day Died 1907.
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