Single-source entries: J (2)

Jackrabbit

. See Hare

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Jacks

LAWRENCE PEARSALL, an English writer and theologian; born in Nottingham in 1860. He was educated at the University School at that city, at the University of London and foreign universities, and Harvard. In 1887 he entered the Unitarian ministry, and was for a time assistant to Stopford A. Brooke. In 1903 he became professor of philosophy in Manchester College, and was editor of the "Hibbert Journal" in 1902. He contributed many brilliant essays and studies to magazines. During the war he performed important services in connection with work carried on at Oxford. His published writings include: "Mad Shepherds and Other Human Studies" (1910); "Among the Idol-makers" (1911); "All Men Are Ghosts" (1913).

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Jackscrew

a lifting implement which acts by the rotation of a screw in a threaded socket.

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Jackson, Helen Hunt

Helen Hunt (1831-1855), an American writer. Her maiden name was Helen Fiske. She was born at Amherst, and died at San Francisco . In 1853 she married Captain Edward Hunt, with whom she traveled extensively in the West, gathering the material afterward used in her stories and poems. In 1863 Captain Hunt died. Her second husband, W. S. Jackson, was a banker. She adopted "H. H." as a pen name . She interested herself in the cause of the Indians. A Century of Dishonor, appearing in 1881, was a sharp rap on the United States government for not taking better care of the natives. In 1884 her best story, Ramona, appeared. The scene is laid in California. It has been called "The Uncle Tom's Cabin" of the Indians. It was intended by the writer to attract public attention to the injustice suffered by the Indians. It won fame for the writer and still ranks as one of the greater American tales. She wrote several other novels and made many contributions to periodicals; but Ramona and a number of lovely lyrics are her title to fame. Some of the latter, as September and October, are sure to be found in every volume of children's verse. See Fiction

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Jacmel

a seaport on the S. coast of Haiti, 30 miles S. W. of Port au Prince. It has a good anchorage. Pop., estimated, 10,000.

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Jacob

the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of the Jewish patriarch Abraham, and the twin, but younger brother of Esau, was the father of 12 sons, from whom the 12 tribes of Israel were descended. He was the favorite of his mother, by whose advice he imposed upon his father, and obtained his bless-sect which arose during the 5th century, ing, having before taken an advantage of Esau, by purchasing his birthright. To avoid his brother's fury, he fled to Padanaram, where he resided with his uncle Laban, whom he served 14 years for his daughters Leah and Rachel. He afterward returned to Canaan with great wealth, and a reconciliation took place between him and his brother Esau. His name was altered to Israel by an angel; whence his posterity have been called Israelites. He lived to the age of 147 years. He died in the land of Goshen, about 1680 b. c.

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Jacob's Staff

a pilgrim's staff, so designated from the pilgrimages made to the Shrine of St. James at Compostella in Spain. Also a staff containing a concealed dagger. In surveying, an instrument for taking altitudes, having a brass circle divided into four equal parts by two diametric lines. At each extremity is ext a perpendicular riglet over the lines, with a hole below each slit for discovering objects. The cross is mounted on a staff. Also an instrument used to measure distances and heights. Also a straight rod shod with iron, and with a socket joint and pintle at the summit for supporting a surveyor's circumferentor.

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Jacob's Stone

a stone fabulously said to be that on which Jacob rested his head at Luz, which was used as the coronation stone of the kings of Scotland at Scone, in Perthshire, and was thence transferred by Edward I. to Westminster, where it still remains, inclosed in the coronation chair.

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Jacobi

ABRAHAM, an American physician; born in Westphalia, Germany, in 1830. He studied at various universities in Germany and became identified with the German revolutionary movement of 1848, when he was indicted for high treason, escaping to New York. He acted as professor of diseases of children in several important hospitals in New York and became known as one of the first authorities of children's and other diseases. He was a member of many important medical societies. He wrote many books relating to medical subjects, including "The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe" (1870); "Infant Diet" (1875); "Therapeutics of Infancy and Childhood" (1895-1903). He died in 1919.

MARY PUTNAM, an American physician; born in London, England, Aug. 31, 1842. She graduated from the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Among her works are: "The Value of Life"; "Hysteria, and_Other Essays"; "Studies in Primary Education." She died June 11, 1906. (jak'ō-bin), JACOBIN CLUB a political organization, which bore a prominent part in the French Revolution.

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Jacobite

a term first applied in England to the party which adhered to James II., after the Revolution of 1688, and afterward to those who continued to maintain sentiments of loyalty toward the house of Stuart, and sought to secure the restoration of that family to the English throne. The unsuccessful rebellions of 1715 and 1745 in Scotland, were_brought about by the agency of the Jacobites. In Scotland the party maintained its strength till the failure of the rebellion of 1745 put an end to its political existence. In ecclesiastical history, a Christian and maintained that Christ had but one nature. They were thus named from Jacob Baradæus, Bishop of Edessa, and apostle of the East, who restored the sect about 545. From this man, Mosheim remarks, as the second father of the sect, all the Monophysites in the East are called Jacobites. Baradæus died in 578. A small section of the Jacobites joined the Roman Catholics in the 17th century, but the majority remained firm in the faith of their ancestors. Riddle enumerates among the remains of Oriental sects or Christian communities existing in 1037, the Syrian Jacobites living under their patriarch at Antioch. Roger of Wendover mentions a new sect of preachers called Jacobites, because they imitated the life of the apostles, who sprang up in 1198, under the auspices of Pope Innocent III. They were mendicants, and suffered great privations. Mosheim believes the sect ceased to exist soon after the Council of Lyons, in 1274.

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