Joachimite
a follower of Joachim, Abbot of Flors, in Calabria. The Joachimites were a branch of the Fratricelli. They were condemned by the Council of Lateran in 1215, and by that of Arles in 1260-1261. JOACHIMSTAL (that is, Joachim's Valley), a town of Bohemia, on the southern declivities of the Erzgebirge, miles 2,440 feet above sea level, and four from the Saxon boundary. Pop. of commune, about 7,500. Some manufacturing and trade interests. It is to this place that the German word Thaler or Taler owes its name. In 1518 the Count von Schlick issued here silver coins called guldengroschen, but these coins were popular, popular, Joachimsthaler (that is, belonging to, or coming from, Joachim's Thal or Valley), and this name was soon shortened to thaler. It is perhaps from this source that the name of the American dollar came.
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Joash (Son and the successor)
the son and the successor of Jehoahaz, King of Israel. There was much in his conduct to commend. He had a great regard for the prophet Elisha, and visited him on his death bed, where by a divine oracle he was assured of three victories over the Syrians. He was also victorious when forced to give battle to Amaziah, King of Judah, and was one of the best kings of Israel. (II Kin. xiii: 9-25; xiv: 1-8; II Chr. xxv.)
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Job
a patriarch notable for his patience. In the English version of the Bible, Job stands 1st in order of the poetic books of the Old Testament, but it is the 3rd in the Hebrew Scriptures, Psalms and Proverbs preceding it, and the Song of Solomon comin coming next. A prologue (ch. i. ii.) and the conclusion (ch. xlii: 7-17), are in prose. The rest is poetry and of a very high order. The book of Job is absolutely unique in the Old Testament. The hero is not a Jew. While the name Jehovah is used, the whole history of the Mosaic law and the chosen people is ignored. The author seems well acquainted with Egypt, its crocodiles (xli.), and its pyramids (?) (iii: 14), and the desert with its ostriches (xxxix: 13-18), its wild asses (xxiv: 5, xxxix: 5-8), and its too successful, tent-living predatory tribes (xii: 6). The language is Hebrew, with various Aramaisms, and with a faint Arabic tinge. The view still held by most commentators is that the book is very ancient, and its author probably Moses. If so, then it is intelligible why there is a resemblance between expressions in Job and in Genesis. (See Gen. ii: 23, and Job ii:5; Gen. iv: 21, and Job xxi: 12, xxx: 31; Gen. vi: 2, and Job i: 6.) Others place it about the time of Solomon or that of one of the succeeding kings;
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Job's Tears
a corn plant of India. It is a grass, sometimes rising to the height of eight feet, with the stout habit of maize, to which also it is botanically allied. The name is derived from the tear-like form of the hard, shining, bluish-white seeds, which are sometimes made into bracelets and necklaces, and are also an article of food. Though one of the worst of cereals, it has become almost naturalized in Spain and Portugal.
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Jobbing-pipe
A technical term for all pipes that are irregular in form, including elbows, turns, branch, and numerous others, which must of necessity be moulded by such means as are most convenient for the occasion, without reference to cost, etc. Pipes of this character are usually made in the most approved fashion by skilled moulders who work by the day; while the regular trade straight lengths are made, as a rule, by unskilled labor, in vertical casings that are so elaborately mounted as to preclude any possibility of going astray. See CAST-IRON PIPES; JOBBING-MOULDER.
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Jocasta
wife of Laius, King of Thebes, and mother of Edipus, whom she afterward married, not knowing that he was her son. On discovering the fact, she, in horror of the crime, hanged herself.
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Jochebed
the wife of Amram, and mother of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. She was a daughter of Levi, and her husband's aunt though such marriages were afterward prohibited.
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Jodhpur
a town of Hindustan, capital of the state of Jodhpur. It stands in a hollow inclosed by rocky eminences, on the highest of which is a fort, containing the Maharajah's palace, The city has many handsome buildings, and is surrounded by a strong wall with 70 gates. Pop., about 60,000. The State of Jodhpur is the largest in Rajputána, having an area of 37,000 square miles; it is well watered by the Luni and its affluents; and raises good crops of wheat, barley, millet. Pop. about 2,500,000. See MARWAR.
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Joel
BOOK OF Renan says about 100 years before the Captivity. The Talmud originated the view, since adopted by various Biblical critics, that the book is only a parable. But against this view may be quoted Ezek. xiv: 14, 20, and James v: 11.
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Joel
the name of a Hebrew prophet, and of more than 12 other persons mentioned in the Old Testament.
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Johannesburg
a town in the zed as the central Transvaal, recognized as the central ields of the district point of the gold fields of the district om Pretoria to Potstretching S. W. from Pretoria to Potwn as the Witwaterschefstrom, and known as the Witwatersand squares of the rand. The streets and squares of the and the buidings town are well laid out, and the buildings Climate agreesolid and substantial. Climate agreeinter nearly rainable and healthful; winter nearly rainthen prevailing. less, dust storms then prevailing. 1886, on a deso- Founded in September, 1886, on a desoight of 5,600 feet late plateau at the height of 5,600 feet grown with reabove sea-level, it has grown with re- (1918), 187,166 markable rapidity. Pop. (1918), 137,166 colored. white, and some 120,000 colored. 3, a village of Prus- Rhine. It has a
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Johannisberg
a village of Prussia, overlooking the Rhine. It has a ishment and manuhydropathic establishment and and printing presses, manufactories of pianos and printing presses, chiefly for its castle but is noteworthy chiefly for its castle mugesty of the Met (1722-1732), the property of the Metthe famous vineyards ternich family, and the famous vineyards castle hill, producing (38 acres) on the castle hill, producing berger white wine. the choice Johannisberger white wine. of four men men-
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