Jackson, Helen Hunt
Helen Hunt (1831-1855), an American writer. Her maiden name was Helen Fiske. She was born at Amherst, and died at San Francisco . In 1853 she married Captain Edward Hunt, with whom she traveled extensively in the West, gathering the material afterward used in her stories and poems. In 1863 Captain Hunt died. Her second husband, W. S. Jackson, was a banker. She adopted "H. H." as a pen name . She interested herself in the cause of the Indians. A Century of Dishonor, appearing in 1881, was a sharp rap on the United States government for not taking better care of the natives. In 1884 her best story, Ramona, appeared. The scene is laid in California. It has been called "The Uncle Tom's Cabin" of the Indians. It was intended by the writer to attract public attention to the injustice suffered by the Indians. It won fame for the writer and still ranks as one of the greater American tales. She wrote several other novels and made many contributions to periodicals; but Ramona and a number of lovely lyrics are her title to fame. Some of the latter, as September and October, are sure to be found in every volume of children's verse. See Fiction
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Jacksonville (City and capital of Morgan co)
a city and capital of Morgan co., Ill.; on the Wabash, Chicago and Alton, the Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads; 34 miles W. of Springfield, the State capital. The city, which is popularly known as the "Athens of the West," is the seat of Illinois College, Illinois Woman's College, Illinois College of Music, Illinois State Institutions for the Education of Deaf Mutes and the Blind, State Central Insane Hospital, Passavout Memorial and Our Saviour Hospitals. The city is the trade center for Morgan, Scott, and parts of Green and Cass counties; is largely concerned in the agricultural industry; has manufactories of woolen goods, candy, steel products, machinery, woven wire, pumps, and wind mills, boilers, brick and tile, paper, and flour. There are a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and semi-monthly periodicals. Pop. (1900) 15,078; (1910) 15,326; (1920) 15,713.
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Jacksonville (City and countyseat of Duval)
a city and countyseat of Duval co., Fla.; on St. Johns river, and the Florida East Coast, and other railroads; 139 miles S. of Savannah. The city is about 30 miles from the coast; and has regular steamer communication with all points on the St. Johns river, and also to Charleston, New York, and Boston, and sailing vessel communication with various foreign ports. The city is a farming, fruit growing, and lumbering trade and jobbing center for Florida and Southern Georgia. It has valuable phosphate interests. Jacksonville is highly esteemed as a winter resort, especially by people from the Northern and Eastern States. It is the seat of St. Luke's Hospital, the largest in the State, and the general offices of the Florida, Central and Pensacola, and the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West railroads. There is an excellent system of docks. The city has National and several State and private banks. During the American-Spanish War, Jacksonville was used extensively as a point of embarkation of troops and supplies for Cuba, and as a coaling station. Pop. (1910) 57,699; (1920) 91,- 558.
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Jacmel
a seaport on the S. coast of Haiti, 30 miles S. W. of Port au Prince. It has a good anchorage. Pop., estimated, 10,000.
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Jacob
the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of the Jewish patriarch Abraham, and the twin, but younger brother of Esau, was the father of 12 sons, from whom the 12 tribes of Israel were descended. He was the favorite of his mother, by whose advice he imposed upon his father, and obtained his bless-sect which arose during the 5th century, ing, having before taken an advantage of Esau, by purchasing his birthright. To avoid his brother's fury, he fled to Padanaram, where he resided with his uncle Laban, whom he served 14 years for his daughters Leah and Rachel. He afterward returned to Canaan with great wealth, and a reconciliation took place between him and his brother Esau. His name was altered to Israel by an angel; whence his posterity have been called Israelites. He lived to the age of 147 years. He died in the land of Goshen, about 1680 b. c.
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Jacob's Staff
a pilgrim's staff, so designated from the pilgrimages made to the Shrine of St. James at Compostella in Spain. Also a staff containing a concealed dagger. In surveying, an instrument for taking altitudes, having a brass circle divided into four equal parts by two diametric lines. At each extremity is ext a perpendicular riglet over the lines, with a hole below each slit for discovering objects. The cross is mounted on a staff. Also an instrument used to measure distances and heights. Also a straight rod shod with iron, and with a socket joint and pintle at the summit for supporting a surveyor's circumferentor.
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Jacob's Stone
a stone fabulously said to be that on which Jacob rested his head at Luz, which was used as the coronation stone of the kings of Scotland at Scone, in Perthshire, and was thence transferred by Edward I. to Westminster, where it still remains, inclosed in the coronation chair.
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Jacobi
MARY PUTNAM, an American physician; born in London, England, Aug. 31, 1842. She graduated from the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Among her works are: "The Value of Life"; "Hysteria, and_Other Essays"; "Studies in Primary Education." She died June 11, 1906. (jak'ō-bin), JACOBIN CLUB a political organization, which bore a prominent part in the French Revolution.
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Jacobi (ABRAHAM an American physician)
ABRAHAM, an American physician; born in Westphalia, Germany, in 1830. He studied at various universities in Germany and became identified with the German revolutionary movement of 1848, when he was indicted for high treason, escaping to New York. He acted as professor of diseases of children in several important hospitals in New York and became known as one of the first authorities of children's and other diseases. He was a member of many important medical societies. He wrote many books relating to medical subjects, including "The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe" (1870); "Infant Diet" (1875); "Therapeutics of Infancy and Childhood" (1895-1903). He died in 1919.
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