Juan Fernandez
called also Mas-a-tierra ("nearer the mainland"), a rocky island in the Pacific Ocean, 420 miles W. of Valparaiso, Chile, which it belongs. It is 13 miles long to and four broad, and is for the most part a series of rocky peaks of volcanic origin, the highest of which, Yunque, is 3,000 feet above sea-level. The trees are mostly ferns. The sandal-wood trees are nearly all exterminated. Horses, pigs, and goats run wild. The island was discovered by the Spaniard whose name it bears in 1563, and was frequently visited by buccaneers down to its occupation by the Spaniards in 1750. Here Alexander Selkirk, a buccaneer, a native of the Scotch fishing village of Largs, lived in solitude, 1704-1709. His story is supposed to have suggested the "Robinson Crusoe" of Defoe. When Spain lost her South American colonies Juan Fernandez fell to Chile, which used it as a penal settlement, 1819-1835. It is usually inhabited by a few Chilean seal and sealion hunters; and in 1877 it was leased by the Chilean government to a Swiss, who established a small colony there.
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Juba
A king of Numidia and Mauritania, who favored the cause of Pompey against Julius Caesar . He defeated Curio, whom Caesar had sent to Africa, and after the battle of Pharsalia he joined his forces to those of Scipio . He was conquered in a battle at Thapsus, and killed himself. His kingdom became a Roman province, of which Sallust was the first governor. Juba the Second. He was led captive to Rome to give luster to the triumph of Caesar. He wrote a history of Rome which was often commended and quoted by the ancients.
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Juba
a great river of Eastern Africa, which flows into the Indian Ocean at about. lat. 0° 5' S., and whose mouth marks the N. boundary of the coast placed under British control by the agreement with Germany in 1890.
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Juba
the name of two Kings of Mauritania and Numidia, important kingdoms of Northern Africa, prior to and after the fall of Carthage. JUBA I. flourished about half a century B. C., and, having declared for Pompey in the struggle for mastery among the first triumvirate, on the murder of Pompey, Cæsar invaded the kingdom of Mauritania, and Juba being defeated and compelled to fly, in despair fell on his sword 42 B. C. JUBA II., the son of the former, was carried prisoner to Rome while yet a youth, when Cæsar drove his father from the throne. On the fall of the second triumvirate, Augustus Cæsar, who had
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Jubal
son of Lamech and Adah in sinech and Adah in the inventor of the the Genesis story, the inventor of the harp and organ, probably general terms bbumy general terms ad instruments. The for stringed and wind instruments. The meaning of the name is most likely sighe is most likely significant, connected with yobel, "jubilee." with yobel, "jubilee."
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Jubilate
the 100th Psalm, which 100th Psalm, which in the Vulgate begins Jubilate Deo omnis Jubilate Deo omnis terra. It was added to the English to the English Prayer-book in 1552, to be sung after the be sung after the Second Lesson, instead of the Benedictus, the Benedictus, when that canticle occurs in the chapter in the chapter for the day; but it is used at other times at other times as well, and always at thanksgivings. ksgivings.
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Jubilee
Year of, an institution of the ancient Hebrews. Every fiftieth year was a Sabbatical year. At the end of seven times seven years, the completion of the forty-ninth year, the trumpet of jubilee was sounded throughout the land. The fields were left untilled; all lands and houses, save in walled cities, were returned to their original owners, or, if not living, to their heirs. In other words, sale was not valid beyond the following year of jubilee. Thus the widow, who had been forced by poverty to part with her house, fell again into possession of her own. The orphan, no matter how hardly he may have been dealt with, came again into his father's property. Debts were forgiven, slaves were set free. Members of families long separated were thus united with great rejoicing. It was a sort of national bankruptcy act, applicable to all classes and conditions of society. At the close of the year of jubilee, society took a fresh start. See Holiday
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Juby
CAPE, a cape on the cape on the W. coast of Africa, 100 miles S. of the smiles S. of the frontier of Morocco, with an anchorage. an anchorage. A trading settlement of an English com- English company was established in 1879-1889. in 1879-1889..
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Juda-Hakadosh
a famous rabbi in the time of the Emperor Aurelius to whom he was preceptor. He is said to have been the original compiler of the Mischna, or the Talmudical text.
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Judah
KINGDOM OF taken a strong regard for Juba, married him to one of Antony's daughters, Cleopatra, and restored him to his father's throne. Juba possessed great judgment and considerable learning, and left behind him "A History of Arabia," "Antiquities of Syria," and "A History of Rome," written in Greek. He died in A. D. 17.
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Judah
KINGDOM OF, a nation, OF, a nation, which was formed in reality on the death on the death of Solomon and the secession of the Ten orion of the Ton Tribes forming the kingdom of Israel, dom of Farsel, composed of the two remaining tribes of ning tribes Benjamin and Judah. The kingdom of kingdom of after the Judah endured for 133 years after the destruction of its rival, and was brought was brought to a close by Nebuchadnezzar, 588 B. c., who carried the vanquished inhabitants to Babylonia and distributed them beyond the Euphrates. After their return from captivity this tribe in some sort united in itself the whole Hebrew nation, who from that time were known only as Judæi, Jews, descendants of Judah. Judah-when named in contradistinction to Israel, Ephraim, the kingdom of the Ten Tribes, or Samaria-denotes the kingdom of Judah and of David's descendants. One of the principal distinctions of this tribe is that it preserved the true religion and the public exercise of the priesthood, with the legal ceremonies in the temple at Jerusalem; while the Ten Tribes gave themselves up to idolatry.
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