Jumna
a river of Hindua river of Hindustan, which rises in the Himalayas, in the Himalayas, in the native state of Garhwal, near Jamnotri, at the height of 10,849 feet. It flows in its upper course in a generally ure to generally S. W. direction, then bends to the S. E., bends to the S. E., and passing the cities of Delhi and Agra falls into of Deild and Agra the Ganges at Allahabad, after lalabad, after a course of 860 miles. Some trade is trade is carried on by means of clumsy barks. Two important irrigation works-the barks. orks-the Jumna Eastern and the Jumna Western Canals, the Jun Western derive their supply of water from supply water from this river.
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Jumpers
a class ss of religious fanatics, so named from their practice of of religious fajumping their practice of during the time allotted for divine time allotted for service. They arose in Wales in 1760. aross in Wales in
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Jumping Deer
Cervus lewisii, a Cerous Troisii, a kind of deer found W. of the Mississippi; of the Mississippi: called also the black-tailed deer.
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Jumping Hare
a species of jerboa found in Southern Africa, and so named from its general resemblance to a hare, while its jumping mode of progression, necessitated by the elongated nature of the hind legs, has procured for it its specific and popular distinction.
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Junagarh
capital of a native state (area 3,283 square miles; pop., about 500,000) of India, in the Bombay presidency; on the peninsula of Kathiawar, N. W. of Bombay. One of the most picturesque towns in India. Pop., about 36,000. JUNCEÆ, or JUNCACEE, the rush order, a small natural order of endogenous plants, so named from the typical genus Juncus. It is principally composed of obscure herbaceous plants with brown or green glumaceous hexandrous flowers, the perianth being in two series, as in Liliaceæ, but calycine instead of petaloid. Some of them, as the common rush, are employed for making mats, chair bottoms, and brooms.
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Junco
a bird of the finch or sparrow family. The common junco is a slate-colored bird with light under parts and a light bill. It may be known by two white outside tail feathers displayed in flight. The junco breeds in the evergreen belt of Canada and the eastern United States . In winter these little "gray-robed monks and nuns" go southward as far as the heavy snows go. The junco is one of the most popular and well known of the snowbirds.
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June Berry
a North American wild tree (Amelanchier canadensis) common in Canada and the United States, and allied to the medlar. The fruit is pear-shaped, about the size of a large pea, purplish in color, and a good article of food. Service-berry and shadbush are other names.
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Juneau
a port and territorial capital of Alaska; on a promontory between Linn Channel and the Taku river, opposite Douglas Island, and about 55 miles N. E. of Sitka. It had a population of about 1,400 in 1896, which was largely increased in 1897 by the thousands of gold seekers bound for the Yukon river gold fields. Pop. (1910) 1,644. See ALASKA: KLONDIKE.
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Jungaria
DZUNGARIA, or SUN- GARIA, a country of Central Asia, forming part of the Chinese empire; bounded N. and W. by Russia, E. by the Chinese province of Kansu, S. by East Turkestan; area 147,950 square miles. It is an elevated and almost desert plateau between the Altai and Thian-Shan Mountains, and is intersected by subordinate ranges. Between the mountains are several fertile valleys, watered by numerous lakes, and cultivated by nomadic tribes. Millet and barley are the chief agricultural products; gold, silver, and iron are found in considerable q quantities, and salt abounds in the lakes and mines. The country was originally inhabited by the Oo-Sun, distinguished from neighboring nations by their blue eyes and red beards. They were expelled by the Turks in the 6th century, and became subject to the Mongols. In 1754 the cou country was conquered by China, and has since been administered as a province of that empire, though a portion is claimed also by Russia. nort
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Jungermannia
a Linnæan genus of cryptogamous plants, containing a great number of species, which some modern botanists have divided into : many genera, and some have even formed into an order, Jungermanniceæ, though it is more generally regarded as constituting a sub-order of Hepaticæ. The species much resemble mosses in appearlice. Many are natives of Great Britance. ain. The tropical species are very Great Brit numerous. JUNGFRAU (yöng frou) ("The Maiden"), a magnificent peak of the Bernese Alps; height 13,671 feet. Its summit was first ascended by two Swiss gentlemen, named Meyer, in 1811. On Sept. 18, 1898, the first section of the Jungfrau railway, to the Eiger glacier, including a tunnel, was opened; since completed to the summit. The last stage is made by elevator.
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Jungfrau
yoong'frow, one of the most impressive mountains of Switzerland. The name is German, meaning literally the young woman or maiden. It is the highest peak but one of the Bernese Alps.--13,571 feet. Seen from the road leading from Lauterbrunnen to Grindelwald it is a majestic pinnacle of rock wrapped in a dazzling shroud of eternal snow. In the summer season the region is one of absolute awe-inspiring stillness, save for the chatter and clatter of tourists and the echoing thunder of avalanches. In 1811 the Jungfrau was scaled for the first time by two guides. Since that date the ascent has been accomplished by Alexander Agassiz and other scientists. It is now managed regularly under the direction of skilled guides. An inclined railway, 13,670 feet in length, climbs the mountain. A large part of the way is cut through tunnels, but these are open at frequent stations where passengers may alight to view the scenery. The very tip of the mountain, a distance of 242 feet, may be ascended by a lift and by a spiral stairway. See Mt. Blanc; Switzerland Jungle-fowl, a popular name for several wild fowls of India and southeastern Asia. They are supposed to be the ancestors of our domestic fowls. See Chickens; Mound-Birds
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