Kiderlen-Waechter
ALFRED Christianity VON, a German diplomat. Born in 1852, by St. mat. BorD he entered the foreign service in 1879, Kieff has service and from then until 1888 was succes- 1888 wa tical and sively secretary of the German embassies German e The town in St. Petersburg, Paris, and Constantistroyed ris, and C nople. Served in the foreign office until remained foreign of 1894, when he became minister to Den- From e minist mark and later to Rumania. In 1911 sion of Rumanis he became Imperial Foreign Secretary, to 1654, a position he held until his death. Dur- Russia. il bis doct deat ing his term the Moroccan crisis bethe town tween Germany and England and France which is occurred, and it reqcired all of his talent pilgrims red all of H to prevent it from causing a European astery Busing a war. He also managed to secure for tombs of ged to se Germany important concessions in the Church. concessions Congo region, in return for a recognition erected en for a re of French rights in Morocco. He died Morocco. Yaroslaff in 1912. negs,
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Kidnapping
the act of forcibly abdukes of act of for ornamented ducting or stealing human beings; man uman bei interior stealing, child stealing. labyrinth
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Kidney
the secreting organs of the Assumption ting orga urine, two in number, situated in the saints T, situate lumbar region on each side of the spine, has a which they approach on their upper exbells. on their tremities. The kidney is from four to from Vilna Yis from five inches long, about two and a half important ut two an broad, somewhat more than one in thickfacture ness, and from three to five ounces in trade is to five o weight. Covered by a layer of fat, they most layer of rest on the diaphragm, the right, on acthe last , the righ count of the liver, being somewhat lower of Kieff ng somewh than the left. The anterior surfaces are in 1706. terior suri convex, the posterior flat. terrible fiat. It is the
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Kief
Kieff, or Kiev, ke-ef', a city of southern Russia. It is situated on the Dnieper, almost due south of St. Petersburg, two-thirds of the distance to Odessa. It is called the "Mother City of Russia." Kief is older than Moscow. It was in the waters of the Dnieper, at Kief, that St. Vladimir, the first Russian saint, baptized his converts. Kief was the seat of the first Christian church, the first Christian school, and the first library in Russia. For 376 years it was a free commercial city; for eighty years it was in the hands of the Tartars; for forty-nine years it belonged to the Lithuanians; the Poles held it for ninety-eight years. In 1667 at the partition of Poland, it was reincorporated in the Russian empire. A church of St. Sophia is built on the plan of St. Sophia at Constantinople, but of one-fourth the size. A monastery near by guards caves or catacombs in which over a hundred saints lie entombed. It is a place of great sanctity, and is visited annually by a third of a million Russian pilgrims, adherents of the Greek Church . "On the night of August 15, 1872, 7,200 pilgrims were counted lying under the open sky." The commercial prosperity of the city has been promoted by the holding of great fairs. The present population is 247,432. Kief is in size the seventh city in Russia. There is a university with 2,500 students--one of the hotbeds of revolutionary ideas.
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Kiel
kel, a city of northwestern Prussia. It is situated in the province of Holstein on a deep bay of the Baltic. The bay has the appearance of a lake with finely wooded shores. Kiel was a city of administrative importance in the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein, and was annexed with those states to Prussia in 1864. The University of Kiel was founded in 1665. There are about 1,000 students in attendance. The institution possesses a large library, a zoological garden, and various museums of antiquities. Kiel has an excellent harbor, and is advantageously situated for trade between land and sea. It is near the Baltic end of the recently constructed Kaiser Wilhelm ship canal. It is now a naval fortress, and is practically headquarters for the German fleet. There are important manufactories and shipbuilding yards. It has a population of about 125,000. The city is growing rapidly. See Germany
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Kiel Canal
a German canal, extending from Brunsbüttel on the Elbe to Holtenau on the Baltic and connecting the North Sea with the Baltic Sea. About 60 miles in length, and with a depth of 36 feet the largest of war vessels could pass from the North Sea to the Baltic, or vice versa. This fact proved of great importance during the World War, since the inferior German Navy was able to effectively control the Baltic Sea, the English fleet being unable or unwilling to leave its base for the Baltic Sea or to divide its forces. The canal was, of course, prior to 1920, very heavily fortified and owned and operated by the German Government. Sea-going vessels, in going from the Baltic to the North Sea, save nearly 200 miles by using this canal. The treaty of Versailles of 1919 contained important clauses relating to the canal; the most important being that it shall be maintained "free and open to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations on terms of entire equality." Germany is, therefore, unable to grant any preferential tolls to her own vessels, and is forbidden to charge more than sufficient for the operating expenses. Cases in dispute are to be settled by a Joint Commission of Allied and German membership. Thus the canal is really under international control.
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Kielce
a province of Poland, before Russia. It forms the S. W. end of the World War a Polish province of Poland, has an area of nearly 4,000 square miles and is watered by the Vistula and traversed by spurs of the Carpathians. Before the war the pop. was 992,500, of which 11 per cent. was Jewish, the rest being Poles with some interm Russians. The capital, of the same intermixture of Ruthenians, or Little name, is a city of about 32,000 pop., 107 miles south of Warsaw. The province was the scene of much of the fighting on the Eastern Front, between the Germans and Russians, during the war, but was finally assigned to Poland by the Peace Conference, as an integral part of that nation's territory.
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