Kitchen Midden
a mound of shells, bones, charcoal, and other debris found on the site of ancient dwellings. The word means kitchen refuse. It was applied first by the Danes to enormous deposits of that sort which attracted attention first in Denmark. Kitchen-middens occur usually on the shores of rivers or banks of lakes where savages pitched their tents or other rude habitations for possibly thousands of years. They abound not only in Denmark, but in Scotland, England, France, and in many parts of North America , as about the great lakes and along the Mississippi. The accumulations are often many feet in depth, sometimes, in fact, forming embankments. Archaeologists find stone implements and other rude utensils, hinting at the life of prehistoric people. Very similar deposits are still accumulating in various parts of the world where savage people dwell. The dumping grounds that disfigure river banks everywhere are the kitchen middens of people calling themselves civilized.
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Kitchen Middens
refuse heaps, refuse heaps, or shell mounds-the name given to what me given to what red to be raised were formerly considered to be raised beaches on the coast of Denmark, but of Denmark, but which are now proved to have been deto have been de posited by early man. It was first ob- It was first observed by Steenstrup that, in these supin these supposed beaches, the shells belonged enlonged entirely to full-grown or nearly full-grown full-grown individuals; that they consisted of four species-the oyster, the cockle, the mussel, and the periwinkle-which do not live together. The discovery of flint implements and of bones bearing the marks of knives made it evident that these beds at these were the sites of ancient villages, the population of which lived principally on shell-fish, but partly on the produce of the chase. Kitchen middens are by no ens are by no means limited to Denmark. They exist rk. They exist in England, in Australia, in Tierra del in, in Tierra de y Peninsula, and Fuego, in the Malay Peninsula, and in North and South America. rica. With regard to the time when these the time kitchen middens were formed, Sir John Lubbock dates them from the early part of the Neolithic Stone Age.
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Kitchener
town and county-seat of Waterloo co., Ont., Canada; formerly called Berlin; on the Grand river, and
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Kitchin
CLAUDE, member of Congress from North Carolina, born in Scotland Neck, N. C., in 1869. He graduated from Wake Forest College in 1888 and at once began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1890. He was elected to Congress in 1911 and was successively re-elected to the 64th and 66th Congresses and as such had charge of the chief financial measures passed during the war.
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Kitt's
ST., or SAINT area about 100 square miles; surface, West Indies , belonging to Great Britain; diversified a mountainous ridge extend ing through the center from N. to S., and at Mount Misery (an extinct volcano), rising to an elevation of 3,711 feet. The soil is very fertile, and produces all the tropical fruits. Capital, Basseterre. about 30,000. Discovered by Columbus in 1493. Pop. province Kiangsi, on the S. bank of the from its connection with the green-tea Yang-tse-kiang. It derives importance districts. The port was opened to foreign trade in 1862. Pop. about 50,000.
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Kittatinny Mountains
sometimes called the BLUE MOUNTAINS, an extensive range of mountains in the United States, which can be traced with but slight breaks from Ulster co., N. Y., through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia, into Alabama. They are over 800 miles in length, with an elevation of from 800 to 2,500 feet.
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Kiu-Kiang
a seaport of China,
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Kiu-Siu
one of the three principal islands of Japan, separated from Korea by the Strait of Korea, and from Hondo by the Strait of Sikoku. Nagasaki is situated here. River," a river known to the ancients as
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Kiwi-Kiwi
. See Apteryx
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Kizil-Irmak
the Turkish "Red the Halys, the principal river of Asia Minor. Rising in the E. of the peninsula, it flows in a circuitous route for about 500 miles, and enters the Black Sea near Sinope. desert in Russian Turkestan, between the
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Kleenboc
a pigmy antelope found at the Cape of Good Hope. It is about a foot high at the shoulder, with small erect black horns, somewhat approaching at the tips.
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Kleist
HEINRICH VON, a German dramatist; born in Frankfort-onthe-Oder, Oct. 18, 1777. At first he followed the family profession and entered 1799 for literathe army; but left it in ture. His best plays, such as "The Prince of Homburg" and "The Broken Pitcher" possess sufficient vigor and fidelity to life to make them popular even at the present day. The best of his tales is "Michael Kohlhaas," a story of Brandenburg in the Middle Ages. He shot himself, after first shooting a woman whom he loved, and who like him was weary of life, on the bank of Lake Wan near Potsdam, Nov. 21, 1811. His works did not gain recognition till after his death.
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Klephts
properly "robbers," the name formerly given to those Greeks who kept themselves free from the Turkish yoke in the mountains, and carried on a pepetual war against the oppressors of their country.
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Kleptomania
a supposed species of insanity manifesting itself in a desire to pilfer.
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Klinnrath, Henry
A German alchemist and hierophant of the physical side of the Magnum Opus. He was certainly aware of the greater issues of Hermetic theorems and may be regarded as a follower of Paracelsus . He was born in Saxony about the year 1560. Af the age of 28 he graduated in medicine at the University of Basle. He practised in Hamburg and thereafter in Dresden where he died in poverty and obscurity in 1601, at the age of forty-five. The most remarkable of his works, some of which are still in Manuscript, is the Anphitheatrum Sapientiæ Æternæ solius veræ, Christiano Kabbalisticum divino magicum, &c. It is an unfinished work and appeared after his decease with a preface and conclusion by Erasmus Wohlfahrt. It is a purely mystical and magical treatise. The seven steps leading to the goal of universal knowledge are described in a commentary on the Wisdom of Solomon . The work has been described as being the voice of ancient chaos, and its curious folding plates are particularly suggestive.
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