Lamaism
la'ma-ism, a religious belief of Asia. It is a mixture of Buddhism and other religions. Its adherents may be found from the Volga River eastward. It is the prevailing faith of Siberia, Manchuria, Mongolia, and Tibet. The spiritual head of the church, who is also monarch of Tibet, is the Dalai Lama or Ocean-wide Lama. His seat of power is the templed hill of Potala at the sacred city of Lhasa, Tibet. Buddha is held to be a great teacher of religious truth. Lamaism is chiefly a worship of saints with inferior honors to gods of heaven, earth, death and hell, and wealth, as well as demons innumerable. Public worship in the temples is conducted with music, prayer, reading, and singing. There are over 200 volumes of sacred writings wholly in the hands of the priesthood. Thus far the practice is that of Buddhism, but it is adapted to the people and their adherence is secured by concessions to the ancestral belief in withcraft and magic, and the devil worship which Buddhism was unable to drive out wholly. In addition to these exercises the priests recite choruses, cast spells, and perform incantations. The faithful wear amulets, charms, and symbols, and keep count of their prayers by rosaries and prayer wheels. The common people are oppressed, not to say devoured, by swarms of religious devotees who live in monasteries and must be maintained by offerings of food. See Lhasa; Tibet ; Idolatry ; Buddhism
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Lamar
LUCIUS QUINTUS CIN- UINTUS CIN- CINNATUS, an American an jurist; born in Putnam co., Ga., Sept. 1, 1825. Adjurist; born mitted 1. 1825. Adto the bar in 1847, he served two terms as he served two congressman from Mississippi ( tom Mississimi 1856-1860). In 1861, after taking part the Eter taking part n secession convention of Mississippi, of Mississippi, he entered the Confederate army and ate army and achieved distinction. After the war he was ter the war he Professor of Political Economy and Economy and Law Professor in the University of Mississippi versity of Miss- , and afterward served in both serveća in both Houses of Congress, where he showed ere he showed strong friendship for the North. In 1885 The North In Secretary of the Interior, and in Interior, and in 1887 became an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Died in Boura Died in Macon, Ga., Jan. 24, 1893.
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Lamar (MIRABEAU d president president)
MIRABEAU, 2d president 24. president of the republic of Texas; born in Louisborn in Louisville, Ga., Aug. 16, 1798. He founded a He founded a newspaper, devoted to State rights, called the "Columbus Inquirer," and, in 1835, and, in 1835, removed to Texas, then on the verge of took an revolution, in which he later an active part. He distinguished himself battle of San Jacinto. He afterat the Lerward became, successively, attorney-genzoneral and secretary of war to the new new republic. In 1836 he was elected vicerice president, and in 1838-1841 president. ente On the outbreak of the Mexican War, as some (1820 the p Birch and (182 he of LUCIUS Q. C. LAMAR Major-General, he served at the battle of tle Monterey under General Scott. He was operations against afterward employed in United States the Comanche Indians, and Costa Rica minister to Nicaragua and . He died in Richmond, Tex., Dec. 19, 1859.
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Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus
la-mar', Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus (1825-1893), a noted American jurist. He was born in Putnam County, Georgia, September 1, 1825, and died at Macon, January 23, 1893. He was graduated from Emory College, Georgia, and was admitted to the bar at Macon in 1847. The outbreak of the Civil War found him in Congress as a representative of Mississippi. He resigned his seat. He drafted the ordinance of secession for Mississippi, and was lieutenant colonel of the first Confederate regiment enlisted in that state. At the close of the war he accepted a chair in the University of Mississippi, and was again sent to Congress. He was secretary of the interior during the first administration of Grover Cleveland. In 1888 he was appointed associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, which position he held until his death. He was considered a man of integrity and of large views. Two of his best known addresses were eulogies on Charles Sumner and John C. Calhoun. The first of these is a landmark in the restoration of good feeling between North and South.
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Lamartine, Alphonse
la-mar-ten', Alphonse (1790-1869), a French historian. He was well educated and well connected. The family fled the country at the time of the French Revolution , but returned to favor at the downfall of Napoleon and the restoration of the Bourbons. Lamartine entered the Bourbon army and later saw service as a diplomat. Toward the close of the Bourbon reign he became democratic in his thinking. During the short interval between the Bourbons and Napoleon III he was minister of war and a man of influence in national matters. Though his views were broad he had little ability as a man of affairs and soon dropped out of politics. As a youth and a young man he wrote poetry. Political pamphlets engaged his attention. In 1847 his History of the Girondists appeared. Later works were a History of the Revolution of 1848, a History of the Restoration, a History of Turkey, and a History of Russia, all written from a democratic point of view. He held aloof from Louis Napoleon, yet, falling into poverty in his old age, accepted a pension, an act for which he was criticised by his republican friends. He did not live to see the Franco Prussian War and the establishment of the French Republic.
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Lambayeque
a seacoast province Peru. Situated Beaccast of in the N. W. pa The N. W. that country it is traversed by many averned by mountain ranges. The soil is poor, but crops of sugar, tobacco and cotton are raised. The capital of the province is Chiclayo. Pop. about 130,000. 130,7700.
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Lambert
JOHN, an English Paran Englis liamentary general during the English ring the Civil War; born in Kirby Malhamdale, irby Mathe Yorkshire, Sept. 7, 1619. He entered the Parliamentary army under Fairfax, was der Fai colonel at Marston Moor, and Major- Loor, and General in the war in Scotland. He took Scotland the lead in the council of officers who gave the protectorate to Cromwell, but to Crosswe he afterward fell into disgrace, and was lisgrace, bäl '), MARIE deprived by Cromwell of all his commis- OF SAVOY- sions, though a pension of $ 10,000 was of $10,000 was allowed. He headed the confederacy the confederacy a daughter of the which deposed Richard Cromwell, and in Crom wall, and in in Turin, Sept. 1660 set out for the N. to encounter to encounter by Marie An- Monk, but was deserted by his troops, of the royal seized, and committed to the Tower. At the Tower. At and compan- the Restoration he was tried and contwied and conproved her de- demned to death, but had his sentence bad his sentence France ( whence commuted to banishment to Guernsey, nt to Guernsey, where he died in 1683. mua lambertiana,
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