Land League
an association projected by Charles S. Parnell, which came into being at a meeting held in Dublin, Nov. 18, 1879. Nominally the programme was the "three F's"-fixity of tenure, fair rent, and free sale (of the tenant's interest); but many speakers at Land League m ague meetings, demanded that the soil should belong to the cultivator. Opposition by direct violence was deprecated, and recourse was had to boycotting. This state of things continued till the end of 1880, when 14 members of the Land League, of whom the most important were Parnell, Dillon, Biggar, T. D. Sullivan, and T. Sexton, were indicted. The trial, which took place early in 1881, was a fiasco, but it drew from Justice Fitzgerald the declaration that the Land League was an illegal body. al body. A Ladies' Land League, under the presidency of Miss Anna Parnell, was then thes formed. The agitation increased, and the "No Rent" cry became more frequent. On Oct. 7 Gladstone denounced Parnell, and soon afterward Parnell, Dillon, Sexell, Dillon, Sexton, O'Kelly, and the chief officials of the th League, were arrested and imprisoned d in Kilmainham. They issued a manifesto calling on the Irish tenants to pay no rent during their imprisonment. The government replied by declaring the Land League an illegal body, and suppressed its branches throughout the country.
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Land of Bondage
a Scripture name for Egypt, in allusion to the harsh treatment received by the Israelites dur Israelites don ing the latter part of their sojourn in that country.
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Land Tax
a tax levied on land. led on lan What is known as the land tax in Engtax in En land was imposed in the reign of William n of Willia III. as a substitute for escuage, talliage, age, talliag fifteenths, and other contributions. It ributions. was imposed annually from 1693 to 1798 1698 to 17 at a varying rate. It was replaced by a replaced by perpetual rent charge on land, with power of redemption, and a tax annually imposed on personal property, the latter ty, the ist tax abolished in 1833. For a statement of the principles of Henry George favor- George isv ing the raising of all public revenues by a single tax on land values, see values, SINGLE TAX.
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Land's End
the southwestern extremity of England in Cornwall. It is a granite promontory from sixty to 100 feet in height. The name is the exact equivalent of Finistere, or "End of the Earth," found elsewhere on the western coast of Europe. A lighthouse on some low rocks marks the beginning of the English channel .
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Landau
a town of the Indou), a town of the Palatinate, 11 miles W. of inate, 11 miles W. of Rhine and 17 S. W. of Spires. 17 S. W. of Spires. an imperial city in and made an imperial city in century, it has some interesting and was prominent in hissome interesting churches prominent in hisa fortress. During the Thirty ing the Thirty War it was taken eight times; ken eight times; it was fortified by Vauban for by Vauban for XIV., but surrendered four times urrendered four times the war of the Austrian Succesthe Austrian Succes- Bavaria captured it; and In 1816 Bavaria captured it; and fortifications were in 1870-1871 its fortifications were razed. Pop. about 18,000. 18,000. a province of southwest province of southwest
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Landfall
the first sighting of land in the course of a voyage, or the land so sighted or discovered, as, the landfall of Columbus in Guanahani, in the New World.
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Landgrave
a German title adopted in the 12th century to distinguish a governor of a district or province from the inferior counts under his jurisdiction. Also the title of each of three princes of the German empire, whose territories were called landgraviates.
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Landis
KENESAW MOUNTAIN, an American jurist, born at Millville, Ohio in 1866. He was educated in the public schools of Logansport, Ind., and studied law at the Union College of Law in Chicago. In 1891 he was admitted to the bar and practiced law until 1905. He was appointed district judge of the Northern District of Illinois in 1905. He presided at the trial of many important cases including the Standard Oil rebate cases. In 1920 he was elected chairman of the National Baseball Commission.
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Landon
LETITIA ELIZABETH (MRS. MACLEAN), an English poet English poet and novelist; born in Chelsea, London, helsen, London, Aug. 14, 1802. She was a poet of genupost of genu ine feeling and descriptive power, and ve power, and published under the pseudonym of "L. E. L.": "The Improvisatrice, and Other and Other Poems" (1824); "The Golden Violet," etc. (1841); and several novels. In June, 1838, she married Mr. George Maclean, governor of Cape Coast Castle Castle She died in Cape Coast Castle, Africa, Oct. 15, 1838.
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Lands
an expansion of the ST. LAW- RENCE (q. v.) extending about 40 miles below Lake Ontario. It contains about 1,500 rocky islets, the largest, Wolfe Island (48 square miles; pop. 2,383), measuring 21 miles by 7. lake
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Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry
Sir Edwin Henry (1802-1873), a celebrated English animal painter. He was born in London. He showed talent at a very early age. One of his productions now at Kensington bears, in his father's handwriting, the words "at the age of five." He made a faithful study of animals, dissecting such as were obtainable, until he became a master in his particular line. Horses and dogs were his favorite subjects. He was elected member of the Royal Academy in 1831 and was knighted in 1850. Outside of art, his life was uneventful. Some of his best known paintings are the Hunted Stag, The Highland Shepherd's Chief Mourner, Tethered Rams, Monarch of the Glen, and The Stag at Bay. Over 500 of Landseer's paintings are catalogued. See Painting
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Landskrona
a of Sweden; on the Sound, 16 eden on the Sound, 16 N. E. from Copenhagen; it has from Copenhagen; it has harbor, carries on sugar - refining, carries on sugar - refining, , and the manufacture of and the manufacture of exports considerable and leather, exports considerable butter, and imports raw sugar, and imports raw sugar, grain. The town was a fort- The town was a fortress down to 1870. Opposite Landskrona in the Sound lies the island of Hven, on which Tycho Brahé built his observatory of Oranienborg. Pop. (1918) 18,062.
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