Lasker
EMANUEL, a German chess player; born in Berlinchen, Prussia, Dec. 24, 1868. He inherited his great abilities at the game to some extent, and about 1890 took a high place at a chess tournament which was held in Berlin, where he defeated some of the leading masters. In 1892 he visited England, and defeated Blackburne, the English expert. In the New York tournament of 1893 he won his games with all the 13 leading players, including Steinitz, the champion of the world. A set match with Steinitz took place at Moscow in December , 1896, and January, 1897, and this Lasker won by 10 games to 2, 5 being drawn.
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Lassalle
FERDINAND (lä-säl'), a German agitator, founder of the German social Democracy; born of Jewish parents named Lassal, in Breslau, April 11, 1825. Before entering politics he had earned high distinction in philohe sophical thought. Among his writings of this period are " Franz von Sickingen," a historical drama (1859); ; "The Philosophy of Heraclitus the Obscure" (2 vols. 1858); "The System of Acquired Rights" (2 vols. 1860); "Fichte's Philosophy and the Popular Mind of Germany" (1862). He first came into the political arena as the spokesman of the German workingman in 1862, when he published the "Workingmen's Programme ." For this he was arrested and imprisoned. He further developed the Socialist program in an "Open Reply to the Central Committee" (1863). His last work was a spirited attack on one of the foremost opponents of the Social Democracy. His talents won him the admiration even of of Syria, with a sanded-up harbor, on a Ladikiyeh), a formerly important seaport (Turkish rocky cape 75 miles N. of Tripoli. It possesses remains of Roman buildings, having been a flourishing port during the early empire. The present town occu- Mare, founded by Seleucus Nicator, and pies the site of the ancient Laodicea ad named after his mother. The principal exports are Latakia tobacco, grain, silk, sponges, and oils. Pop. about 25,000.
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Lasso
a running noose used to catch animals. The word is Spanish, meaning a slipknot. The best noose is made of raw-hide. The hide is cut into strips half an inch wide. The hair is shaved off and the strip is trimmed to uniform size; four such strands braided together form a rope of great strength and durability. A running noose is formed at one end. When not in use the lasso hangs in a coil at the cowboy's saddle. In use the coil is held in the left hand, the noose is grasped in the right hand and swung around and around in a circle above the rider's head with a dexterous turn of the wrist that keeps the noose spread. At the right moment it is launched with a slight upward motion. At the moment the noose settles on the animal, the free running lasso is given a turn about the pommel of the saddle and the well trained horse braces himself for the shock. The cowboy's skill in singling out a broncho or steer from a running herd is something remarkable. Two men working together, one entangling the front feet, the other the hind feet, stretch an animal at full length without difficulty. The terms rope, lariat, and lasso are used interchangeably. Lariat is also Spanish, meaning rope.
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Latent Impressions
(See Telepathy .)
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Lateran
CHURCH OF ST. JOHN, the first in dignity of the Roman churches, and styled in Roman usage "the Mother and Head of all the churches of the city and the world." As cathedral. church of Rome it surpasses St. Peter's in dignity. It is called Lateran from its occupying the site of the splendid palace of Plautius Lateranus. It was originally dedicated to the Saviour; but Lucius II., who rebuilt it in the middle of the 12th century, dedicated it to John the Baptist; in 1586 it was completely demolished by Sixtus V., and rebuilt from plans by Fontana. It has been the scene ecumenical by the Roman Church. The of five councils, regarded Lateran Palace was the habitual residence of the Popes till the 14th century. government. Pius IX. converted a por- It is now under the control of the Italian tion of it into a museum of classical sculpture and early Christian antiquities. as
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Lateran Councils
in Church history , certain councils held in the In all five general councils held, besides Church of St. John Lateran in Rome. an important council, not œcumenical, against the Monothelites in A. D. 649.
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Lateran, The
The, a palace in the eastern part of Rome. The original site and palace belonged to a Roman family of the name. Nero put the last owner to death and appropriated the palace. Constantine gave it to the bishops of Rome. Until the middle of the fourteenth century the Lateran was the usual residence of the pope. In 1308 it suffered from fire, and in 1586 the ancient edifice was completely destroyed by Pope Sixtus V. A new palace was built in its place, but it has never been used as a papal residence. It was for a time an orphan asylum. It is now a museum of classical sculpture and early Christian antiquities. The church of St. John Lateran is the original cathedral of which the Pope is bishop. In its present form it dates from 1370. It is a marble edifice with five notable naves and a beautiful transept. Five Lateran councils held sessions in St. John's. The Lateran Council of 1215 summoned by Pope Innocent III was attended by patriarchs, and representatives of princes, and by 412 bishops and 800 abbots and priors. See Vatican ; St. Peter
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Latimer, Hugh
Hugh (1490-1555), an English reformer. He was educated at Cambridge and took part in the stirring times of the English Reformation. His experience illustrates well the intolerance of the times. First he narrowly escaped the vengeance of the Roman Church for preaching against its abuses; then he was thrown into prison for not coming out squarely for the new English Church; finally, in the reign of the Catholic Mary, he was bound to the stake and burned as a heretic. His sermons, two volumes of which are extant, now seem plain, witty talks to the people on practical reforms and earnest living.
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