Laaland
or LOLLAND LOLLAND (lol'land), a Danish island in the Baltic, the Baltic, eat Belt, 36 at the S. entrance to the Great Belt, 36 miles long by 9 to 15 broad; area 445 broad: area 445 square miles. The surface is remarkface is remark ably flat, and the soil exceedingly fruitsoil exceedingly fruitful; forests of beech and oak cover upch aud oak cover upare miles. Capital Capital ward of 50 square miles. wn Nakskov; pop. of Maribo; largest town Nakskov; pop. of island about 70,000.
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Labarum
the standard of the standard of Constantine the Great, adopted by him Hopted by him after his conversion to Christianity. It istianity. It was marked with his seal, which conich consea sisted of a monogram of the first two two letters (X P) of the Greek name of of Christ, interlaced and crossed. Some- Sometimes the X, instead of retaining its its ordinary position, is placed upright and and upr surmounted by the P. These letters are etters are often accompanied with the Greek alpha Greek alpha and omega, and circumscribed with a ed with a circle.
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Labeo
a genus of fishes, family Cyprinidæ. distingished by their thick and fleshy lips.
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Labials
letters or characters representing a sound or articulation formed or uttered chiefly by the lips, as b, f. m, p, v.
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Labiatze
in botany, labiates, a large order of perigynous exogens, ous plants or undershrubs, with fourcornered stems, opposite leaves without stipules, covered with receptacles of aromatic oil. Akin to Verbenaceæ and alliance Echiales. It consists of herbacethe Boraginaceæ. Distribution wide. They abound especially between lat. 40° and 50° N. They constitute 1/24 the flora of France, and 1/2s that of Germany. No poisonous plant belongs to the order, though there are 120 genera and about 2,500 known species.
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Labium
in zoölogy, a term applied to the lower lip of the insects and other Arthropoda, the upper part being called the labrum. The term is also applied to the inner lip of the shell of univalve mollusks ; the outer lip being the labrum.
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Labor
. See Trade Union ; Child Labor ; Federation Of Labor ; Wages ; Factory System ; Sweat Shop
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Labor
FEDERATION OF 382 LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF similar undertakings; and in the early decades of the 19th the growing ideas of freedom had begun to make other great changes in the condition of the workers. The right of combination received in 1824 was utilized in the formation of trades-unions and co-operative societies, and the admission of the workingmen to the franchise has given them a share in the political life of the country. The emancipation of agricultural labor from serfdom, which was effected in France at the Revolution of 1789, was not completed in central Europe till 1848 , and in Russia not till 1861. Laws for the regulation of labor are now intended not to fix wages as formerly, but to protect the weaker class of workers. LABOR, AMERICAN FEDERA- TION OF, an association composed of about 80 national labor organizations, embracing about 7,000 local unions. It was organized at Columbus , O., in 1886. In 1905 the Socialists withdrew and formed other organizations, but they have since made various efforts to control the association, without success. The Federation was successful in getting Congress to pass a law declaring that labor was not a commodity to be handled about but a human entity. The Federation showed patriotic ardor during the Great War and helped the government.
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Laboratory
a building or workshop designed for investigation and experiment in chemistry, physics, etc. It may be for special research and analyses, or for quite general work. To the former class belong the laboratories which are attached to d dyeworks, color works, chemical, and similar works. Laboratories are also attached to mining and metallurgical schools, mints, arsenals, etc.
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Labori
FERNAND, a French lawyer; born in Rheims, France, April 18, 1860; was educated in Germany, England, and Paris, and called to the bar in 1884. Subsequently he was elected Deputy for Rheims, in 1893, and took part in many famous cases, notably that of the Dreyfus appeal. He was counsel for the defense in the Humbert and Madame Caillaux cases. Author of an "Encyclopedia of French Law," published in 12 volumes. He died in 1917.
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Labuan
an island six miles from the N. W. coast of Borneo; area 304 square miles; pop. about 7,000, Malays and Chinese. Besides possessing a good harbor (Victoria), it has an excellent coal. Labuan extensive sive bed of is an active market for the products of the neighboring islands (Borneo and the Sulu Archipelago) - sago, edible birds'nests, camphor, gutta-percha, india-rubber, rattans, pearls, tortoise-shells, and beeswax. The island became British in 1846. In 1907 the territory was annexed to Singapore, an island of the Straits Settlements. Capital of Labuan, Victoria.
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Labyrinthodon
a genus of fossil amphibians, whose remains are found in the Carboniferous Permian, and Trias formations, those of the Trias rica. They were allied to the crocodile crocodile 12 feut and to the frog, and were 10 to 12 feet long. The name is derived from the Brived from the of a section of labyrinthine structure of a section of the tooth, when seen under the micronder the microscope. The hypothetical cheirotherium a the labyrinthhas been identified with the labyrinthodon.
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Lac
in botany, etc.: (1) A resinous (1) A reainous incrustation caused by the parasitic inthe parasitic insect Coccus lacca. The incrusted sticks incrusted sticks are called stick lac. Lac is called also ec is called also East Indian kino. (2) A white, te, orange, or other-colored fluid occurring in many carring in many plants. (3) A gummy substance prosubstance produced by Aleurites lac. In pharmacy, a In pharmacy, a decoction of shell lac is much used in much used in India in the preparation of several medicinal oils.
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Lac Ammoniacum
milk of ammoniacum, from its resembling that fluid in appearance. A mixture prepared by rubbing, slowly and slowly and perfectly, down a certain quantity of the cantity of the ammoniacum with water, till the whole, all the wh by steady and careful trituration, is suspended in the water. This makes one Chis mak one of the best expectorant mixtures in the the pharmacopeia for coughs, colds, and hoarseness.
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