Loir-Et-Cher
a department of France, formed out of the old province of Orléannais, and comprising the arrondissements of Blois, Vendome, and Romorantin . The Loire flows through it S. W., almost bisecting it. The S. E. portion belongs to the infertile district of Sologne. The Loir crosses it parallel to the Loire farther to the N. W.; area, 2,478 square miles; pop. about 270,000. The department is almost a uniform plain. The chief products are corn, fruits, wine, beet root, and timber. Fish, poultr poultry, and bees abound. Principal town, Blois.
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Loire
the largest river of France. It rises in eastern France, 4,500 feet above the sea level, and flows westward, 626 miles, under the walls of Nevers, Orleans, Tours, and Nantes, into the Bay of Biscay. It is navigable by large steamers to Nantes, thirty-three miles from the sea. Smaller boats ascend another 500 miles. The basin of the Loire includes 44,979 square miles. At one point, the Loire and the Seine, like our Cumberland and Tennessee, flow side by side. The footpath from the Seine to the Loire is but seven miles in length.
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Loire
the longest river in France, rising in the Cévennes, in the department of Ardèche , at an elevation of 4,511 feet, flowing in a N. and N. W. direction through the center of France as
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Loire (Department in the S E)
a department in the S. E. of Lyonnais and the county of Forez, comprises the arrondissements of Montbri- Etienne for its capital; area, 1,852 son, Roanne, and St. Etienne, with St. square miles; pop. about 640,000. The mountains yield iron and lead, and the coalfields in the iron industries, 12,000 in the silk, Some 17,000 miners are employed, 25,000 and 5,500 in the cotton industries. Woolens, linen, glass, paper, leather, etc., fodder, and potatoes are the principal are likewise manufactured . Wine, fruit, pentine are yielded by the pine woods. agricultural products. Timber and tur- Mineral springs abound, as at St. Galmier, St. Alban, etc. are the richest in France. central France, formed out of the for-
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Loire (HAUTE far as Orl ans where it)
HAUTE far as Orléans, where it bends round to the S. W. and continues on to Tours; thence following , in general, a W. course to its embouchure in the Bay of Biscay. mouth; entire length, 620 miles. It be- It is tidal to Nantes, 35 miles from its comes navigable a little above Roanne, 550 miles from the sea. notorious for the destructive inundations it causes, though the lower part of its The Loire is levès, 20 feet high. The principal tribucourse is protected by large dykes or taries are the Nièvre and the Maine (which is formed by the Sarthe, its affluent the Loir, and the Mayenne) on and Vienne, on the left. The Loire is the right; and the Allier, Cher, Indre, its course, and is connected with the canalized along considerable stretches of Brest by canals. Its valley is extremely Seine, the Saône, and the harbor of fertile. Area of drainage basin, 44,450 square miles. France, formerly part of the province of
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Loiret
a department of Central France, formed out of the old provinces of Orléannais and Berri, and comprising the arrondissements of Orléans, Montargis, Gien, and Pithiviers ; on the N. loop of the Loire; area, 2.629 square miles ; pop. about 364,000. The country is for the most part an elevated, fertile plain, producing corn and wine in abundance, except in the sandy district of Sologne, lying S. of Orleans, the chief town. Cattle , sheep, and bees are extensively reared. Pottery and porcelain , sugar, vinegar, and soap are the principal industrial products.
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Lokman
lok-man', the reputed author of a collection of fables in Arabic. He has been represented variously as a nephew of Job, a king, a tailor, a carpenter, a shepherd, and an Ethiopian slave. A tale is told of his master offering him fruit of intense bitterness. Lokman ate it without a grimace. Asked how he could do so, he replied that he had received so many benefits from his master that he could not show dislike for the only unpleasant gift he had ever had at his hand. The answer so pleased the master that he gave Lokman his liberty. Whether an authentic Lokman lived is not known. The fables resemble those of Greece and India. They were put into their present form in the thirteenth century. See Aesop ; La Fontaine ; Grimm
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Lombard
PETER, a French philosopher; born about the beginning of the 12th century, at a village near Novara, in Lombardy. He was educated at Bologna, and came to France with recommendations to Bernard of Clairvaux. His uncommon talents soon procured him a chair of theology in Paris. In 1159 he was appointed Bishop of Paris, but he died in the following year. He was very generally styled Magister Sententiarum, or the "Master of Sentences," from his work "Four Books of Sentences," an arranged collection of sentences from Augustine and other fathers, on points of Christian doctrine . A subtle heresy, "Nihilism," was detected by some in Peter's teaching , and the theological doctors of Paris in 1300 denounced it in 16 propositions culled from his writings. Peter Lombard's work was the subject of many commentaries down to the time of the Reformation. it on the conquest b
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Lombard College
coeducational institution in Galesburg, III.; the led it Gal a up of the founded in 1851 under the auspices of Universalist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors vely in and instructors, 20; students, 250; president, J. M. Tilden, LL. D. ruled
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Lombard Street
a short street in London, so called from having been the residence of the Lombard money changers of an early day. Their extortionate rates of interest caused their expulsion by the government of Queen Elizabeth. The street is still the street of the bankers, corresponding in this respect to Wall Street of New York . It is but a step from Lombard Street to the Bank of England .
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Lombroso, Professor Cesare
A celebrated Italian anthropologist. A few years before his death he took up the study of spiritualism and experimented extensively with the well-known medium Eusapia Palladino, in company with Messieurs Richet, Maxwell, Flammarion, and Professor Schiaparelli. He embodied the results of his investigations in several well-known works, and concluded that although man was probably not immortal, his "shell" or shadow, a mere conglomeration of thought forces, remained on earth behind him for some considerable time after his demise. (See "After Death-What?" 1909.)
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