LOUIS V
the "Do Nothing," was the last descendant of Charlemagne to occupy the French throne. He was a son of Lothair. He ruled from 986-987.
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Single-source entries: L (69)
These 13 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as LOUIS V, LOUIS VI, LOUIS VII.
LOUIS VI
called "the Fat," was a son of Philip. His rule extended from 1108-1137. He started a quarrel with England that lasted three centuries.
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LOUIS VII
"the Young," was the son of Louis VI . He ruled 1137-1180. He took part in the Second Crusade.
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LOUIS VIII
"the Lion," was king of France from 1223-1226. He visited England and was received at London. LOUIS IX, "Saint Louis," was the son of Louis VIII. During his childhood, the kingdom was managed by his mother, Blanche of Castile. He was crowned in 1226 and died in 1270. He was canonized by the pope for the part he took in an important crusade against the Saracens in the Holy Land .
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LOUIS X
"the Quarreler," succeeded his father Philip, "the Fair," in 1314 and reigned until 1316.
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LOUIS XI
the son of Charles VII, ascended the throne in 1461. He incorporated Burgundy and Anjou with the kingdom of France. He died in 1483.
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LOUIS XII
"the Father of the People," ruled 1498-1515.
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LOUIS XIII
the son of Henry IV, ascended the throne in 1610. He died in 1643. Cardinal Richelieu was his prime minister. He was the son of Henry IV and Marie de Medici. He married Anne of Austria in 1615. The political power of the Huguenots was broken during his reign.
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LOUIS XIV
Louis the Great, was one of the great monarchs of France. He came to the throne in 1643 and died in 1715. Cardinal Mazarin was his prime minister. He was a despotic ruler of great ability, the author of the famous saying, "I am the state." Under his rule France was the strongest military power in Europe. The nations combined against him. He was humbled finally by the English Duke of Marlborough on the battlefields of Blenheim and Oudenarde. He built the famous palace of Versailles at a cost of $15,000,000. He revoked the Edict of Nantes and drove the Huguenots from France. His reign was noted also in literature. It corresponds to the Elizabethan era in England. LOUIS XV ruled from 1723 to 1774. He was controlled largely by his mistresses, the notorious Pompadour and Du Barry . It was during his reign that France lost Louisiana to Spain and Canada to England.
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LOUIS XVI
grandson of the preceding, was king of France from 1774-1792. He was a man as distinguished for the purity of his life as Louis XV was noted for debauchery. His special delight was the construction of mechanical toys, such as locks or clocks. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette, archduchess of Austria. Turgot and Necker, his prime ministers, strove to bring order into French finances. It was during his reign that the French aided the American Revolutionists. When the French Revolution broke out Louis at first appeared to concur with the wishes of the people for a change of government, but, having attempted to escape from the country, he was arrested and thrown into prison. He was guillotined January 21, 1793. LOUIS XVII was the second son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. On the execution of his father he was the heir to the French throne, which, however, he never occupied. He is called therefore a titular king.
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Louisburg
a port on the S. E. coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, 27 miles S. E. of Sydney. It is inhabited only by a few fishermen; but there are the ruins of the old town, which under the French had a large export trade in cod, and was the strongest fortress in North America till taken by the English in 1758. It had already been captured by the New England colonists and an English squadron in 1745, and restored in 1748; now its fortifications, which had been 30 years in building, and cost over $5,000,000, were demolished, and it gradually sank into ruin. LOUIS-D'OR (lö-ē-dor'), a gold coin introduced into France in 1641, and continued to be coined till 1795. The louisd'or ranged in value from about $4.14 to $4.69. In some parts of Germany, in the old coinage, were gold pieces of five thalers, often popularly called louis-d'or, and the name has been occasionally applied to the French napoleon or 20-franc piece.
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Lounsbury
THOMAS RAYNES- FORD, an American scholar; born in Ovid, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1838. He was graduated at Yale in 1859, and led the life of a student in Anglo-Saxon and early English, and a writer in critical and biographical works, till 1862, when he enlisted as a volunteer in the Union army, served as 1st lieutenant of the 126th New York Volunteers, and was mustered out at the close of the war; after 1871 occupied the chair of Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Among his published works are Chaucer's "House of Fame" and "Parlement of Foules"; "History of the English Language" (1879); biography of James Fenimore Cooper in "American Men of Letters" series (1883); his crowning work, which brought him great celebrity, "Studies in Chaucer, his Life and Writings" (3 vols. 1892); "Shakespeare and Voltaire" (1902); "The Standard of Pronunciation in English" (1904); The Standard of Usage in English" (1908); "Shakespeare as Dramatic Artist" (1912). He died in 1915.
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Lourdes
a town of France, in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, arrondissement of and 6 miles N. N. E. of Argeles, on the Gave-de-Pau, 10 miles W. by N. from Bagnères-de-Bigorre, on the Toulouse and Bayonne railroad; situated at the foot of an almost inaccessible rock, and commanded by a strong castle, now used as a prison; in the neighborhood are marble and slate quarries. In modern times a famous place of pilgrimage, a fact due to the belief that in 1858 the Virgin Mary appeared in a grotto in the neighborhood, above which a magnificent basilica has since been erected. Pop. commune, 8,805. LOURENCO MARQUEZ (lō-rān'sö märkes), one of the 6 districts of the province of Mozambique in Portuguese East Africa, and the name of the capital of the district and province. It is the seat of the governor-general of the province, is located on Delagoa Bay and is the terminus of the Delagoa Bay railway to Pretoria (347 miles) and of a new line, still under construction, to the border of Swaziland. Imports (1916) about $7,000,000; exports (1916) about $1,500,000. Pop. 13,154. See DELAGOA BAY; MOZAMBIQUE; PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA.
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