Luxemburg (Capital of the above)
the capital of the above grand-duchy, formerly included in Dutch Luxemburg, on the Alzette, a tributary of the Sur, 22 miles S. W. of Trèves. Once one of the strongest fortresses in Europe. After 1815 the city was garrisoned by about 3,000 Prussian troops, but on the protestation of France, and by a clause of the treaty of London, May 11, 1867, the grand-duchy was rendered neutral, and it was agreed that the town of Luxemburg shall cease to be fortified place. The fortress was a evacuated the following month by the Prussians, and the works razed in the course of the year. During the World War, the city was in German occupation, , officers' headquarters. Pop. about 20,000. as a military depot
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Luxor
a village in Egypt on the banks of the Nile, standing now on the site of the ancient city of Thebes. The great court erected by Rameses II. is perhaps the greatest building in this section of Egypt. LUZERN. See LUCERNE.
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Luzerne
a town in Luzerne co., Pennsylvania, near the Susquehanna river, a little north of Wilkes-Barre. It is near the center of the coal region, and in addition to coal mines possesses a foundry, drill factories, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,426; (1920) 5,998.
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Luzula
wood-rush; a genus of Juncaceæ (rushes). It has soft, plane, generally hairy leaves, a glumaceous perianth of six leaves, and a one-celled, three-valved capsule with three seeds. About 40 are known, all from temperate or cold climates.
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Luzzatti
LUIGI, Italian statesman, born in 1841, in Venice, of Jewish parents. In 1867 he became professor of political economy and constitutional law at Padua University. In 1870 he entered politics by being elected to the Chamber of Deputies, after which he soon rose to prominence. He was Minister of Finance 1891-1892 and 1896-1898, and for a short period in 1910 he was Premier. He is an extreme Liberal, almost a radical, in his politics and is noted for his interest in all working-class movements.
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Lvoff
PRINCE GEORGE E., Russian social reformer, one of the prominent figures in the final revolution PRINCE GEORGE E. LVOFF which brought about the downfall of the Imperial Government in 1917; became interested in social reform at an early age, working through the zemstvos, those community councils within which the Imperial Government limited all the local autonomy it allowed to communities. Prince Lvoff was one of the delegation which, representing the national federation of zemstvos, presented a petition to Nicholas II., in 1905, for an extension of civic rights. He was a member of the first Duma, and identified himself with the Constitutional Democrats, standing for an extension of the democratic principle in Russia's political organization. In March, 1917, when the Czar was overthrown and the problem of organizing a provisional government presented itself, Prince Lvoff was found to be the only personality on whom both conservatives and radicals could agree as suitable to head the Cabinet. He was, accordingly, nominated Premier, and was one of the few who remained in the Cabinet during the many changes of the Kerensky régime. After the rise into power of the Bolsheviki, under Lenine and Trotzky, Prince Lvoff was compelled to flee abroad. LWOW. See LEMBERG.
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Lyautey
LOUIS HUBERT GON- French soldier; born at ZALVE, a Nancy, French Lorraine, in 1854. Member of the French Academy. After a military training he engaged in French colonial service. A pupil of Galleni, Lyautey at Madagascar and Tonking accomplished important work in strengthening the French position in the colonies and pacifying the natives. In 1912 he was appointed Resident-General at Fez, Morocco, at a time when lawlessness reigned unchecked and the Germans were active in fomenting trouble among the Berbers and Arabs. General Lyautey set up advance posts among the malcontents which were influential in civilizing the people. He built up the country by establishing important public works. He trained the Moors to be effective soldiers, sending two army corps to the western front in the European War, where the Moroccans proved their valor. General Lyautey was appointed Minister of War in 1916, but resigned in 1917.
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Lycaonia
in ancient geography, a country in Asia Minor, bounded on the E. by Cappadocia, on the N. by Galatia, on the W. by Pisidia, and on the S. by Isauria and Cilicia; its capital was Iconium.
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Lycia
in ancient geography, a country on the S. coast of Asia Minor, extending toward Mount Taurus, and bounded on the W. by Caria, on the N. by Phrygia and Pisidia, and on the E. by Pamphylia. The most ancient inhabitants are said to have been two Semitic races called the Solymi and Termilæ, the former of whom were driven from the coast to the mountains in the N. by adventurers from Crete, under the command of Sarpedon, a brother of Minos, who first gave the country the name of Lycia. Lycia became subject to the Persian and Syrian monarchies, and then to Rome. During the time of its independence it consisted of 23 confederate cities. Many monuments and ruined buildings, exquisite sculptures, coins, and other antiquities, testify to the attainments of the Lycians in civilization and the arts.
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Lycidas
lis'i-das, an elegiac poem by John Milton, published in 1638. The poem was written in memory of Edward King, a friend of Milton's who was drowned in crossing from England to Ireland in 1637. This friend was the most promising of Milton's college acquaintances. His death was mourned by many. His university friends proposed to publish a little volume of verses as a memorial and asked Milton to contribute. Lycidas was the result. Milton undertook the writing with reluctance, but produced a poem which is regarded by many critics as reaching the highest perfection of which English verse is capable. Lycidas is pastoral. There is a prologue and an epilogue. The main body of the poem represents a shepherd mourning for his friend. There are irregularities of meter, which seem to harmonize with the strong feeling displayed. The word, "Lycidas," is a name for a shepherd, and is used often by Theocritus and Virgil.
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