Mahogany Tree
Swietenia mahogoni, one of the Cedrelaceæ. It is a lofty, branching tree, with a large, handsome head, flowers like those of Melia, and fruits about the size of a turkey's egg. It grows in the warmest parts of Central America, in Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and the Bahamas. MAHOMET. See MOHAMMED.
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Mahomet
. See Mohammed
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Mahony
FRANCIS (ma-hō'ni), known as FATHER PROUT, an Irish Journalist and poet; born in Cork, Ireland, in 1804. He was educated at a Jesuit seminary at Amiens, studied theology at Paris, received clerical ordination, and officiated for a short time at the chapel of the Bavarian Legation, London. About 1834 he began the contribution of an amusing series of articles known as the "Prout Papers" to "Fraser's Magazine." For the last 12 or 15 years of his life he was Paris correspondent for the "Globe." "Reliques of Father Prout" was published in 1836 and 1860, and "Final Reliques" in 1876. He died in Paris, France, May 18, 1866.
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Maia
A daughter of Atlas and Pleione . She was the eldest of the Pleiades, and the most beautiful of the seven sisters. In a grotto of Mount Cyllene, in Arcadia , she became by Zeus ( Jupiter ) the mother of Hermes (Mercury).
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Maid of Orleans
. See Joan Of Arc
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Maiden
The Iron, See Nuremberg
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Maiden Plum
the name of two West Indian plants, Comocladia integrifolia and C. dentata, belonging to the natural order Anacardiaceæ. They yield a milky juice which, on exposure to air, becomes an indelible black dye.
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Maidenhair
Adiantum capillus veneris, and the genus Adiantum. The former has many spreading capillary branches (whence the English name), a three to four pinnate frond, with the pinnules cuneate, lobed, crenate, glabrous. It is rare in Great Britain, but is found in the United States, in continental Europe, Asia, Africa, and Polynesia. Also Passiflora adiantum.
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Maidenhair Tree
the Salisburia adiantifolia, a deciduous tree of the yew family, a native of Japan, so called from the likeness of its leaves to the maidenhair fern.
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Maidenhead
a municipal borough and market-town of Berkshire, England, situated amid beautiful scenery 26 miles W. of London, on the right bank of the Thames (over which are two bridges,. one of stone, built in 1772 at a cost of $100,000, and the other of brick) and on the Great Western railway. In 1399 it was the scene of an engagement between the rival forces of Richard II. and Henry of the interview of Charles I. with his children. Pop. about 16,000.
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Maikop
Caucasia, a town 93 miles S. E. of Ekaterinodar, situated on a branch of the main railroad line to Baku. The region round about is rich in oil wells, whose products are shipped through Maikop. Pop. about 45,000. MAILS. See POSTAL SERVICE.
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Maimonides
MOSES (mi-mon'idēz), a Jewish philosopher; born in Cordova, Spain, March 30, 1135. He harmonized Judaism and philosophy. Driven with his family from Spain, he resided in Fez; then traveled by way of Palestine to Cairo, becoming there chief rabbi and the caliph's physician. His chief work, written in Hebrew, is "Mishneh Torah" (Repetition of the Law: 1170- 1180), a masterly exposition of the whole of the Jewish law as contained in the Pentateuch and the voluminous Talmudic literature. His principal philosophical work, written in Arabic, was "Dalalt al Haïrin" (Guide of the Perplexed: 1190). He died in Cairo, Egypt, Dec. 13, 1204.
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Maine-Et-Loire
a department of France, formed out of the province of Anjou, and watered old the rivers whose names it bears, divided into the arrondissements of Angers, Beaugé, Cholet, Saumur, and Segré; area, 2,787 square miles; pop. about 510,000; the soil is fertile, and produces excellent corn and wine, with hemp, linseed, fruit and green crops; slate quarries and coal mines are worked, and there are mills for cotton, woolen, and linen manufacturers. Capital, Angers. The department is formed mainly out of the ancient Anjou.
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Mainspring Punch
A punch used by watchmakers for perforating mainsprings. It is inserted in a vise when used. These punches are also made in the form of tongs or plyers.
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Maintaining Power
A mechanism for driving a watch or clock while being wound.
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Maisonneuve
a city, near Montreal, Canada, of which it is a suburb. Its manufacturing plants employ nearly half the population, and turn out cotton goods, shoes, sugar, and foundry products. Has a fine city hall, libraries and schools. Its industrial output ranks as sixth in Canada. Pop. about 40,000.
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Maitland
WILLIAM, commonly known as SECRETARY LETHINGTON, a Scotch statesman, eldest son of Sir Richard Maitland; born about 1525. He early adopted the reformed doctrines, and was one of the first public men openly to renounce the mass. In 1558 he was appointed secretary of state by Mary of Guise. In the following year he joined the Lords of the Congregation, who had taken possession of Edinburgh. In 1560 he was speaker of the Parliament which abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland. On Queen Mary's arrival in Scotland he was chosen one of her principal ministers, and was continually employed as her envoy to the English court. After the assassination of Moray he be came the life and soul of the queen's party and kept ept up an active correspondence with Mary, who was then in prison. In 1571 he joined Kirkcaldy in Edinburgh Castle; was proclaimed a traitor by the Parliament, and attainted with his two brothers. On the surrender of Edinburgh Castle Kirkcaldy and his brother were hanged, but Maitland died in prison in Leith, presumably by his own hand, June 9, 1573.
Australia, a town in New South Wales, on the Hunter river, 119 miles N. of Sydney and 15 miles N. W. of Newcastle. Some of the purest coal in the world is found in this region, veins running over thirty feet in thickness, but these fields have not yet been much exploited. Pop. about 12,000.
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Maize Oil
a pale yellow oil, specific gravity 0.926, pressed from the germ of maize. The germs are obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of starch and are separated from the starch granules by sifting or blowing. The germs contain approximately 50 per cent. of oil, and yield, by pressing, about 40 per cent. Before being placed on the market the oil is neutralized and partially decolorized, and is then used for cooking, as a salad oil, and in the manufacture of oleomargarine. Lower grades of oil are used in the manufacture of soap.
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