Most
JOHANN JOSEPH, Germanborn in Augsburg, American anarchist; bor Bavaria, 1846; in Cincinnati, in 1906. In his earlier years he served apprenticeship as a bookbinder and traveled over Europe as a journeyman of his trade. In 1874, having meanwhile become a participant in party politics, he became a member of the Reichstag, from Chemnitz, and at the same time assumed editorship of the "Freie Presse" in Berlin, a Socialist publication. His strong anarchist theories of leanings toward the the Bakunin caused him to be expelled from the Socialist party in 1879, when he founded the anarchist organ, "Die Freiheit." After serving a term of imprisonment for eulogizing the assassins of the Russian Emperor, Alexander II., he came to the United States in 1882. He immediately re-established his discontinued "Freiheit" in New York City. Henceforward he became known as an anarchist agitator.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Mostar
formerly the chief town of Herzegovina, on the Narenta, about 35 miles from the Adriatic, and the terminus of a railway running 27 miles down the valley. It takes its name (Most Star- "old bridge") from a Roman bridge of one arch, 95 feet in span; has numerous mosques, and is the seat of a Roman bishop. Wine is Catholic and a Greek bis produced, and swords and tobacco manufactured. Pop. about 17,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Mosul (Former vilayet of the Turkish)
former vilayet of the Turkish Empire, occupied oc bied by British-Arab forces, 1918, and subsequently incorporated in the new Arab kingdom of Irak (Mesopotamia). It is claimed by the Turkish Nationalist government as belonging to Turkey both historically and ethnologically, the majority of its inhabitants being Turks and Kurds. An effort was made by the Turks to obtain it at the Near Eastern Conference at Lausanne, 1922-23; but Great Britain refused to admit the claim, declaring it was now a part of Irak and referring the question of boundaries to the League of Nations. The district contains oil fields of great wealth to which there are numerous conflicting claims. American claims are mostly based on the so-called Chester concessions of 1908, obtained from the former Turkish Sultan, Abdul Hamid. Present British operations are based on pre-war concessions reconfirmed by the treaty of Sèvres, 1920. But this treaty was not recognized by the Turkish Nationalists, who have also refused to accept without revision any and all concessions of this nature granted by former Turkish governments. An agreement between Great Britain and France made at San Remo, 1920, provided for division of the Mosul oil concessions between these countries and the new local government, but the United States refused to recognize their right to exclude American claims and interests, and at the conference of Lausanne above referred to, declared for the principle of complete equality of commercial opportunity throughout the Near East.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Mosul (Formerly important town)
a formerly important town of Asiatic Turkey, in the province of Al- Jezireh (ancient Mesopotamia); on the Tigris, opposite the ruins of ancient Nineveh, 200 miles up the river from Bagdad. During the Middle Ages it was a very prosperous city (muslin takes name from this town); now its bazars are filled with the manufactures of the West, and almost the only export is gall nuts, from the Kurdish mountains. Mosul was formerly the metropolis of the Mesoians (the Nest potamian Christians e Nestorians, the United Chaldæans, the Jacobites, Jacobites, etc.), and still contains many Cat Catholic Christians. The town, which existed in 636, enjoyed its greatest prosperity in the 9th century, and onward, till the desolating inroads of the Mongols in the 12th. Then came the Seljuks; and they were followed by the Turks; since then Mosul has steadily declined. Captured by Anglo- Egyptian army, October, 1918. Pop. about 80,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Moszkowski
MORITZ, Polish musician; born at Breslau in 1854, he toured when about 20 the principal European cities as pianist, living for the most part in Berlin and Paris. His suecess at the piano was later eclipsed by his work as a composer and his Spanish dances won him a world-wide fame. Among the miscellaneous works p by him: "Jeanne d'Arc," a produced symphonic poem; "Boabdil"; and the incidental music to Grabbe's "Don Juan" and "Faust" are the most notable.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Mother Carey's Chicken
a familiar name given by sailors to the storm petrel. It is a gull-like bird that scuds along the surface of the sea, patting the water with its feet, apparently running, now down into a trough, now up on a crest. In stormy weather, when the waves are tossing, it may be seen busily searching for the small shellfish and other marine animals on which it feeds. It is the smallest web-footed bird known, being less than six inches in length, It is black with a white patch over the rump. It breeds on rocky shores. It lives habitually farther out at sea than any other bird seen in a transatlantic voyage.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Mother Goose
a name long celebrated in the lore of the nursery through the rhymes and jingles known familiarly as Mother Goose's Melodies. The name, "Mother Goose," was first known in English through a translation from the French of Perrault's stories entitled Tales of Mother Goose. The French collection of stories was published first in 1697. The name had been in use in France long before, however, and appears in French tales as synonymous with Queen Goosefoot, an appellation of Bertha, Mother of Charles the Great, who was called "Bertha with the goose-foot," because one of her feet was larger than the other. The collection of jingles so popular with American children comes probably from a variety of scources. Mother Goose's Melodies was published first by Thomas Fleet, a Boston printer, in 1719. About 1860 an attempt was made to account for the use of the name, "Mother Goose," in the title. As Fleet's wife had borne the maiden name of Goose, the story became current that Fleet's book had been named for his mother-in-law, the widow of Isaac Goose, who had annoyed Fleet by singing these ditties continually to his children. Fleet thought to be avenged upon her by using her name for his book of jingles. This tale is probably without foundation. At present many rhymes suitable for very young children are classed as "Mother Goose" melodies, although not found in the original collection.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia