Majolica
a kind of pottery. Genuine majolica, the majolica of collectors, is a tableware made in Italy, especially in the island of Majorca, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is made of a coarse clay paste covered by raised decorative enamel in wondrously attractive, intense colors. The work was done by hand. The most noted artists of the day took pride in majolica decorations. The designs and central figures were executed with as much fidelity as the finest sculptures and oil paintings. A number of Raphael's famous paintings were copied in the decorations of this ware. In modern pottery-making the majolica style of ware is considered especially appropriate for vases and pitchers.
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Major
in music, greater. A major third consists of four semitones, a minor third of three. A major tone is the whole tone having the ratio 8.9; a minor tone, that having the ratio 9.10. Intervals have had the term major applied to them in a conflicting manner.
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Major-General
that title in the United States army which ranks below a general and a lieutenant-general, and above a brigadier-general. For some years prior to the World War it was the highest rank held by any officer in the service. A major-general commands a division, or, in time of peace, a territorial department. MAJOR GRÆCIA. See MAGNA GRÆCIA. MAJUBA (mä-jö'bä) HILL, an eminence in the extreme N. of Natal, the scene of the defeat of 648 British troops, with the loss of their leader, Sir George Colley, by a greatly superior force of Transvaal Boers, Feb. 27, 1881.
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Majorca
or MALLOR- CA (mäl-yor'-), the largest of the BALEARIC ISLES (q. v.), lying about 100 miles from the Spanish coast, and 150 N. of Algiers; length, 60 miles; breadth, 40 miles; area, 1,352 square miles; pop. about 280,000. The climate is healthful, the sea breeze preserving a nearly equable temperature over the whole island. In the N. there are mountains reaching 3,500 to 5,000 feet in height. The hillsides are terraced; olive groves abound everywhere, and almond, orange, fig, and other fruit trees are common. The vine is grown and good wine made. The soil is extraordinarily fertile. There are manufactories of cloth, cotton goods, ropes, silk, soap, shoes, etc.; there are railways connecting the capital, PALMA (q. v.); pop. (1920) about 65,000, with Manacor (20,000), the second town of the island (where as well as at Arta there are magnificent caves), and La Puebla (5,000). Large quantities of the lustered ware called MAJOLICA (q. v.) were exported to Italy and elsewhere in the 15th century; this ware is still made to a small extent.
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Makart
HANS (mäkärt), an Austrian painter; born in Salzburg, Austria, May 28, 1840; studied at Vienna and at Munich, where he became the best pupil prophesied probably between 430 and ap of Piloty; visited Italy in 1869, and Egypt in 1876. His large picture, "Venice Doing Homage to Catharine Corporary of Sophocles (496-405) Eurip naro," was exhibited at the Centennial 1876. Exhibition in Philadelphia, in Among his other works are "Roman Ruins," "The Plague at Florence," "Cleopatra," "Entrance of Charles V. into Antwerp." He also painted many scenes from Shakespeare. He died in Vienna, Oct. 3, 1884.
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Mako
a town of Hungary on the right bank of the Maros, 19 miles E. of Szegedin. It is the center of an important stock-raising and agricultural region. Pop. about 35,000.
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Malabar
a district on the S. W. coast of India, in the presidency of Madras, extending from lat. 10° 15' to 12° 18' N.; area, 5,765 square miles; pop. about 3,000,000, over twothirds Hindus, and one-fourth Mohammedans. The surface is occupied in the E. by the western Ghats, which send down numerous rivers to the coast, many of them navigable for some distance. There are large forests. Rice is the staple crop; cocoanuts are largely grown, and also coffee and pepper. The name of this district is applied to the whole S. W. coast of southern India.
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Malabar Leaf
the leaf of the Cinnamomum malabathrum of Malabar, formerly used in European medicine.
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Malacca
or MALAY PENINSULA. See STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.
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Malacca
STRAIT OF, a channel separating the Malay Peninsula on the N. E. from the island of Sumatra on the S. W., and connecting the Indian Ocean with the Chinese Sea; length, 480 miles; breadth, from 30 miles at the S. E. to 115 miles at the N. W. extremity. On this strait are the British settlements of Malacca, Penang, etc.
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Malacca Bean
the fruit of the marking nut Semecorpus Anacardium, or tree of India, belonging to the natural order Anacordiaceæ. It closely resembles the cashew nut.
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Malachi
the last of the Old Testament minor prophets. Of his history nothing is certainly known. The Prophecies of Malachi, the last prophetic book of the Old Testament. When it was penned, the Jewish people were under a governor instead of a king (i: 8), and the Temple was rebuilt (i: 7, 10, iii: 1, 10). The governor was probably Nehemiah, during his second Jerusalem. If so, then, Malachi 425 b. c., during the first part of the Peloponnesian war, and was a contem- (480-406), Herodotus (484-424), and Thucydides (471-396).
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Malachy
ST., an Irish prelate, Archbishop of Armagh, and the greatest of St. Patrick's successors; born in Armagh, Ireland, about 1095. In 1121 he became Abbot of Bangor. Archbishop Celsus, who had made him his vicar, procured his election to the see of Connor (1125), and on his deathbed (1129) recommended him as his successor in the primacy. It was not, however, till 1134 that Malachy could establish himself therein. In 1140 he journeyed to Rome, seeking the pallium, and Innocent II. appointed him papal legate for Ireland. In 1148 he once more repaired to France, to renew to Eugenius III. his request for the pallium; but before his arrival the Pope had gone back to Rome, and at Clairvaux, on Nov. 1, Malachy died of a fever in St. Bernard's arms. He was canonized by Clement IV. The curious "Prophecy of St. Malachy" were first published in his "Wood of Life" (Venice, 1595).
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Malacology
the science which treats of the mollusca, or soft-bodied animals.
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