Manassas Junction
a small town in Prince William co., Va. (twice during the Civil War an important military position), where the Alexandria and Manassas Gap railways meet, near a creek named Bull Run, 35 miles S. W. of Washington, D. C. The battles of Bull Run, fought July 21, 1861, and Aug. 29- 30, 1862, were known to the Confederates as the battles of Manassas.
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Manasseh
in Scripture history, the eldest son of Joseph, born in Egypt. His descendants constituted a full tribe. This was divided in the promised land; one part having settled E. of the Jordan, in the country of Bashan, from the river Jabbok N.; and the other W. of the Jordan, between Ephraim and Isnachar, extending from the Jordan to the Mediterranean. A King of Judah, who succeeded his father, Hezekiah, at the age of 12 years. In 677 B. c. Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, invaded his dominions, and carried Manasseh captive to Babylon. After a long captivity, the King of Babylon restored him to his kingdom. On his return to Jerusalem he established the worship of the true God. He died in 643 b. c.
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Mancha
LA (män'chä), a district of Spain, in the old kingdom of New Castile, comprising most of the present province of Ciudad Real, with parts of Albacete, Toledo, and Cuena. It is the country of the ever-memorable Don Quixote, his squire Sancho Panza, and of the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso.
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Manche
LA, a maritime department in the N. W. of France, formed from the old province of Normandy, derives its name from La Manche (the English Channel), which washes its rock coasts; greatest length, 81 miles; average breadth, 28 miles; area, 2,475 square miles; pop. about 500,000. The climate is mild, but humid. Cereals, flax, hemp, beet root, and fruits are extensively cultivated. Horses of the true Norman breed are reared, and excellent cattle and sheep are fed on the extensive pastures. There are valuable granite quarries. The port of Cherbourg and the rock of St. Michel (with its celebrated abbey) belong to this department.
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Manchus
a people of Tungusic (Siberian Mongolian) origin, whose representatives held the throne of China from 1644 to 1912. Before the conquest of China they were a rough, energetic, warlike people who after assuming the government of the empire showed determination and efficiency. Their original home, it is believed, was the base of the Long White Mountains north of Korea (Chosen), from whence commanded by a chieftain, Nurhachu (born 1559), they conquered almost all of Manchuria. In invited the Manchus to Peking to assist in crushing a rebellion. They came, conquered, and remained, establishing upon the Chinese throne the "Great Pure" dynasty which reigned from 1644 to 1912.
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Manco Capac
the found er and legislator of the Peruvian empire, supposed to have flourished in the 12th century. Another inca of Peru, named Manco, succeeded his brother, who was put to death by Pizarro, 1533, and after some years of warfare was killed by the Spaniards.
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Mandalay
the capital of the district of Upper Burma; situated in a level plain about two miles from the left bank of the Irrawaddy. It consists of four concentric quadrangles, of which under native rule the inner most contained the palace, etc.; the second, which was surrounded by a moat and walls, contained the houses of the government officials, soldiers, etc.; while outside dwelt the general body of the people. Pop. about 140,000.
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Mandarin
a general term applied by foreigners to Chinese officers of every grade; derived from the Portuguese mandar, "to command."
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Mandatory
a term employed in employed the Covenant of the League of Nations, signifying that certain territory containing a backward population is placed temporarily under the suzerainty of one of the members of the League for administrative purposes.
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Mandeville
SIR JOHN, an English traveler who flourished in the 14th centur century. He was the author of a popular book of travels of that century, the writer of which claimed to have visited 1644 the Chinese General Wu-San-Kwei Turkey, Armenia, Tartary, Persia, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, Chaldea, Amazonia, and India; to have been in the services of the Sultan of Egypt; etc.
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Mandeville, Sir John
Sir John (1300-1371), an English traveler. He was born at St. Albans and was educated for medicine, but, at the age of twenty-two, set out to cross the sea by way of Jerusalem and to see the marvels of India. He visited Egypt and the countries of southern and central Asia as far east as China. Gout and aching limbs brought him home after thirty-three years. Much of the time was spent in military service under various flags.
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Mandible
a name applied to various jaw-organs-e. g., the third pair of appendages in crustaceans, the first pair of true appendages in in insects, the lower jaw in vertebrates.
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Mandingo
bay of Caribbean Sea, on isthmus of Panama. Also called San Blas, which name is derived from a minor port on the coast of the bay.
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Mandolin
an Italian fretted guitar, so called from its almond shape. There are several varieties, each with different tunings. The Neapolitan, considered the most perfect, has four strings tuned like the violin, i. e., G, D, A, E. The Milanese, next in favor, has five double strings tuned G, C, A, D, E. A plectrum is used in the right hand, and the left is employed in stopping the strings. It is written on the G clef. In the Neapolitan mandolin the E strings are of catgut, the A strings of steel, the D strings of copper, and the G strings of catgut covered with copper wire. The compass is about three octaves.
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Mandrake
a perennial herb. From the rude resemblance of the bifurcated root to the human figure many superstitious notions have gathered about this plant.
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Mandrake Apple
the fruit of the mandrake; it is beautiful, fragrant, and in no way poisonous.
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Mandrel
A cheap form of lathe, but little used in this country, being superseded by the American lathe. It is known also as the Swiss Universal
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Mandrill
an African baboon. A -grown male measures about five feet full when erect; the hair is light olive-brown above, and silvery-white beneath. It has MANDRILL a small pointed yellow beard, and a tuft of hair on the top of the head, which gives the whole face a triangular appearance. Mandrills are insectivorous; and in addition to their immense canine teeth approach the Carnivora in many points of anatomical detail.
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