Marshfield
a town of Wood co., Wis., 95 miles N. W. of Menasha, on the Wisconsin Central railroad . It is in the center of an agricultural district and its manufacturing plants turn out bee supplies, wood veneer, household furniture , beds, springs, etc. Pop. ( 1910) 5,783; (1920) 7,394. H
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Marshmallow
an herb related to the hollyhock and hibiscus. It has rose-colored flowers, not unlike the mallow of dooryards. It is cultivated chiefly in Europe. The root is an article of commerce. It is used in the manufacture of mucilage. It possesses medicinal qualities also, and has a well known flavor. Like peppermint, it is used in the manufacture of confectionery, giving its name to the candies known as marshmallows. The plant grows wild in places along the eastern coast of the United States .
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Marsi, The
According to Pliny, these people were from the earliest times skilled in magical practices and sorceries. They were able to charm poisonous serpents by means of songs. Marthese, J. N. T.: (See Holland .)
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Marston
JOHN, an English dramatic author; born about 1575. He was educated at Corpus Christi College , Oxford. He was entered at the Middle Temple, where he became lecturer. He was the author of eight plays, all acted at the Blackfriars Theater with applause. Six of these were printed in one volume in 1633, and dedicated to the Viscountess Falkland. He assisted Ben Jonson and Chapman in the composition of " Eastward Ho." He also wrote three books of satires, entitled the "Scourge of Villanie" (1599). He died in London , Lo June 25, 1634.
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Marston Moor
a plain in Yorkshire, England, where a decisive battle was fought between the Royalists under Prince Rupert, and the Parliamentary army under Lord Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, July 2, 1644, in which the Royalists were completely routed.
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Marsupialia
or MAR SUPIATA (-ā'tä), in zoölogy, pouched animals or mammals having a marsupium or pouch. Under the designation desi Marsupiata they were considered by Cuvier to be a subdivision of his order Carnassiers Co (Carnivora), though their teeth were of various types, and many were vegetable feeders. Some have an analogy to the Insectivora, others to Carnivora , others to the Rodentia, from all of which they differ in possessing a marsupium or pouch. They are now generally termed Marsupialia, and elevated into a subclass, called by Professor Huxley and others, Didelphia. The young are born of a small size and imperfect in condition, but are transferred to the marsupium, where they become attached to a long nipple which supplies them with milk. There is evidently in this arrangement a first faint approach to the oviparous one which characterizes birds. The majority of the species inhabit Australia and its adjacent islands, though the Didelphidæ (opossums) are American.
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Martel
CHARLES. See CHARLES MARTEL.
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Martha's Vineyard
an island on the S. coast of Massachusetts, 21 miles long, 6 miles in average width. It is noted as a summer health resort. MARTIAL (mär'shal) (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS), Latin a epigrammatist; born in Bilbilis, Spain, in 43 A. D. His poems, which consist of about 1,500 pieces, are interesting for their allusions to the persons and manners of the times, but abound with indelicacies. Martial went to Rome when about 20 years of age, and obtained the favor of Domitian. He died in Spain about 104.
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Martial Law
government by arbitrary military power, superseding municipal, or State law, when the State is imperilled from without or within and the regular administration is unequal to the task of securing general safety. Martial law is declared to enforce extraordinary measures. It is not a law, as commonly understood, but an abrogation of law, having no legislative sanction. The U. S. Supreme Court has held that a State legislature may proclaim its existence, should the safety of the public demand it. The Constitution tacitly permits its proclamation in the clause providing that privileges of the writ of habeas corpus should not be suspended, except when necessary in the case of rebellion and invasion.
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Martian Language
A language purporting to be that of the inhabitants of the planet Mars, written and spoken by the medium known as Hélène Smith. Hélène, the medium studied by a celebrated investigator, M. Flournoy, professor of psychology at Geneva, had in 1892 joined a spiritualistic circle, where she developed marvellous mediumistic powers. In 1896, after Professor Flournoy had begun his investigations, she was spirited during a trance to the planet Mars, and thereafter described to the circle the manners and customs and appearance of the Martians. She learned their language, which she wrote and spoke with ease and consistency. Unlike most of the "unknown tongues" automatically produced the Martian language was intelligible, its words were used consistently, and on the whole it had every appearance of a genuine language. That it was in any way connected with Mars is out of the question. The descriptions of that planet and its inhabitants are quite impossible. And the language itself bears a remarkable resemblance to French, the native tongue of the medium. The grammar and construction of both languages are the same, and even the vowel-sounds are identical, so that the source of the Martian language is not far to seek.
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Martigny
three villages in Switzerland united under this name. Located in the Rhône valley S. of the E. end of Lake Geneva. Situated on the Simplon road into Italy. Pop. about 6,000.
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Martin
a bird of the swallow family, well known from Hudson Bay to the Gulf. The male is a shiny blue-black fellow, with lighter underparts fading into a white center. The martin is one of the most familiar of birds, preferring a bird house or a hole in the cornice of some building. Four to five white eggs. An intelligent observer, Mr. Otto Widmann, quoted by Chapman, states that, during the season of feeding their young, a colony of sixteen pairs of martins made 3,277 visits to the nests, apparently with food, in a single day. This gives an average of over 100 visits per parent bird. The sixteen males had a total credit of 1,454, and the females, 1,823 visits; showing greater zeal on the part of the mother birds. A hundred chases after insects is a hard day's work for either sex.
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