Massinger
PHILIP (mas'in-jer), an English dramatist; born in Salisbury, England, November, 1583. He studied at Oxford, but quitted the university without taking a degree, and repaired to London about 1606. As a dramatist Massinger is more natural in his characters and poetical in his diction than Jonson, and some critics rank him next to Shakespeare. His best plays are the "Duke of Milan," "A City Madam," "A Very Woman," "The Fatal Dowry," "A New Way to Pay Old Debts." He died in London, in March, 1640.
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Massinger, Philip
mas'in-jer, Philip (1583-1640), an English dramatist. He was educated at Oxford but left without taking a degree. In 1606 he went to London, where he soon became a well known playwright. He wrote about fifteen plays independently and many others in collaboration with Field, Dekker, Fletcher, and other writers. Among his plays may be mentioned, The Virgin Martyr, The City Madame, The Duke of Milan, and A New Way to Pay Old Debts. In England the last named play kept the stage for 150 years.
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Masson
DAVID, a Scotch author; born in Aberdeen, Scotland, Dec. 2, 1822; educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and at the University of Edinburgh; became editor of Scotch provincial paper, and later joined the literary staff of W. & R. Chambers. In 1847 he settled in London, writing for the reviews, the "Encyclopædia Britannica," and the "English Encyclopædia." In 1852 he succeeded Clough in the chair of English literature in University College; in 1865 became Professor of English Literature in the University of Edinburgh, a post he resigned in 1895. Masson edited "Macmillan's Magazine" from 1859 to 1868. His first published work was his "Essays, Biographical and Critical" (1856), reted with later essays in three volumes printe (1874-1876). His great work is his ponderous "Life of John Milton" (6 vols. 1859-1880). Other works are "British Novelists and their Styles" (1859); "Recent British Philosophy" (1865); the ilton," with ,' "Cambridge" edition of "Milton introductions, notes, and an essay on Milton's English (3 (3) vols. 1874; new ed. 1890), the "Golden Treasury" edition (2 vols. 1874), and the "Globe" edition (1877). Later works are "De Quincey" (1878) in the "Men of Letters" series, and his edition of De Quincey's works (14 vols. 1889-1891). In 1893 he became Historiographer Royal. He died Oct. 7, 1907.
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Master
in the navy, an officer who navigates a ship under the direction of the captain; he is selected from the list of lieutenants when he has qualified for the special duty. Also the captain of a merchant vessel. MASTER OF ARTS (abbreviated M. A. and A. M.), a degree conferred by universities and some colleges. MASTER SINGERS. See MEISTER- of man. SINGERS.
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Master Clock
A clock which is carefully regulated and used to correct others, by electricity or otherwise. 2. The original clock model from which others are made.
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Masters
EDGAR LEE, lawyer and writer; born in Garnett, Kan., in 1869, he was educated at Knox College, Ill., and studied law in his father's office. He was admitted to the bar in 1891, and became a member of the Chicago and Illinois State Bar associations. His first work, "A Book of Verses," appeared in 1898. Then followed "Maximilian" (drama in blank verse, 1902); "The New Star Chamber and Other Essays" (1904); "Blood of the Prophets" (1905); "Althea" (a play, 1907); "The Trifler" (a play, 1908); "Spoon River Anthology" (1915); "Songs and Satires" (1916); "The Great Valley" (1916); etc.
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Mastic
a fragrant, resinous gum obtained from an evergreen shrub of the Mediterranean region. Cultivation for commercial purposes is confined to the Greek island of Scio. The shrub is from six to fifteen feet high. It grows on stony land, requiring much the same care as the olive. In midsummer vertical incisions are made in the bark. The resin oozes out and hardens into oval-shaped tears the size of peas. Every fifteen days the mastic is collected by women and children who carry little baskets lined with white paper. A thrifty shrub yields several pounds of mastic in a single season. During the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries mastic had a high reputation as a remedy, but it is no longer used in compounding medicines. Dissolved in turpentine it makes an excellent varnish for maps, paintings, etc. The sale of mastic forms the chief revenue of Scio. The principal customers are the Turks. Turkish women of all classes use it as chewing gum. The women of the harems chew it industriously, claiming that it whitens the teeth and imparts an agreeable fragrance to the breath. The name is akin to masticate-to chew. See Gum ; Varnish
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Mastiff
a variety of dog of an old English breed, probably peculiar to the British Isles. It is the Dogue de forte race of Buffon, the Canis molossus of Linnæus, C. mastivus of Ray, and C. villaticus or catenarius of Caius. The head resembles that of the bulldog, but with the ears dependent. The upper lip falls over the lower jaw. The end of the tail is turned up, and the fifth toe of the hind food is frequently developed. The nostrils are separated by a deep furrow. The bark is deep-toned, and the aspect of the animal grave and noble.
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Masulipatam
the principal seaport of Kistna district, Madras, British India, 215 miles N. of Madras city. Here the English established an agency in 1611, and after 1628 it became the center of their trade in those parts. Since 1841 the town has been an active missionary center. In 1864 a storm wave swept over it and destroyed 30,000 lives. Pop. about 45,000. MATABELELAND. See RHODESIA.
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Matador
the individual who, at a bullfight, attempts to kill the bull with a thrust of a sword.
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Matagalpa
capital of the Matagalpa department, Nicaragua, 12 miles S. E. of Jinotega. On elevated plateau, in fertile agricultural region, has a large trade in coffee and tobacco. Pop. about 17,500.
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Matamoros
a port of Mexico, opposite Brownsville, Tex., on the Rio Grande, 40 miles from its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico. With the other Mexican towns on the river it has formed a free-trade league since 1861. The Rio Grande is navigable for small vessels as far as Reynosa, and a railway from Matamoros extends beyond this point to San Miguel (75 miles). Pop. (1920) about 10,000. Another Matamoros is in the Mexican state of Puebla, 4,100 feet above sea-level. It has coal mines.
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