Mazzini, Giuseppe
mat-see'nee, Giuseppe (1808-1872), an Italian patriot. He was born at Genoa and died at Pisa. He was educated at the University of Genoa and entered upon the practice of law in his native city. He was an ardent republican, and desired to see the petty states into which Italy was cut up united in an Italian republic. He became a member of the secret society known as the Carbonari. In 1830 he was arrested by the monarchical government of Piedmont as a conspirator, but was released for want of proof. He then left Italy and resided in Marseilles, Paris, and London, keeping up a correspondence with the agitators in Italy. He founded a secret political society known as Young Italy. In 1848, the year of revolutions, he returned to Italy and established a short-lived republic in the city of Rome, then a papal state. In the following year he again went into exile. He was the terror of rulers. He organized insurrections in Mantua in 1852; Milan in 1853; and in Genoa in 1857. When unification came finally in the expansion of Victor Emmanuel's kingdom of Piedmont to include all Italy, Mazzini held back. He desired a republic. He even organized a republican insurrection at Palermo in 1870; but the government, remembering his earlier service for a united Italy, treated him leniently. His name is associated in history with that of Garibaldi. See Italy ; Cavour ; Emmanuel; Garibaldi
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Mcadoo
WILLIAM GIBBS, born at Marietta, Ga., Oct. 31, 1863. For a number of years he practiced law in New WILLIAM G. MCADOO York and then in 1902 became president of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company. His company constructed in 1904 the first tunnel under the Hudson river, a remarkable achievement in engineering and due in great measure to McAdoo's energy and skill. His management of the company's finances caused him to be recognized as one of the great financiers of the United States. He was prominent in the Democratic National Convention in 1912 and later in the campaign which elected Woodrow Wilson President. On March 4, 1913, the President appointed McAdoo Secretary of the Treasury, a post which he held until his resignation in 1919. Mc- Adoo's task of managing the nation's finances during the struggle with Germany was performed with the same untiring energy which had characterized his private enterprises. The floating of the " Liberty Loans " and the huge sums raised by taxation were accomplished with but little opposition from the people, and the success of his financial measures made him a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the Presidency.
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Mcalester
a city in Oklahoma at the junction of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroads. As there are extensive coal mines in the region, the city's chief industry is coke making and iron manufacture. Pop. (1910) 12,954; (1920) 12,095. MacALESTER COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in St. Paul, Minn.; founded in 1885 under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 23; students, 485. President, E. A. Bess.
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Mcall Mission
the largest Protestant mission in France; founded in 1871 by the Rev. Robert Whitaker McAll (1822-1893) and his wife. It possesses more than 40 stations (about 15 in Paris), and is supported by Protestant Christians of all denominations in Great Britain and the British colonies, and the United States. Portuguese
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Mcburney
CHARLES, an American surgeon; born in Roxbury, Mass., Feb. 17, 1845; was graduated at Harvard College in 1866; and at the Columbia Medical School in 1870. He was Professor of Surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and consulting surgeon at St. Luke's, the Presbyterian, the New York Orthopedic, and other hospitals. When President McKinley was shot Dr. McBurney was summoned as consulting surgeon. He died in 1913.
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Mccall
SAMUEL WALKER, Governor of Massachusetts 1916-1918; born at East Providence, Pa., 1851, and graduated from Dartmouth 1874. He was admitted to the bar in Boston in 1876, and later became the editor of the Boston "Daily Advertiser." In 1893 he began a long career as a member of Congress from the eighth Massachusetts district, holding the office continuously for twenty years. Mr. McCall has written several important works, notably his biography of Thaddeus Stevens, in the American Statesman Series, and his "Life of Thomas B. Reed."
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Mccarl
J. R., was appointed Comptroller General of the United States for fifteen years, in accordance with the provision of the Budget Act of 1920. His chief duty is to head the General Counting Office. Through his efforts Congress is able to keep in its hands the control of Federal expenditures. Mr. McCarl is a native of Nebraska. MAINE. The Legislature, in May, 1923, voted to return to the Southern States the Confederate battle flags captured by Maine troops in the Civil War.
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Mccarthy
JUSTIN HUNTLEY, Irish an journalist, son of Justin; born in 1860. He was educated at University College, and was a member of Parliament after 1884. He wrote: "Outline of Irish History" (1883); "Serapion, and Other Poems" (1883); "England Under Gladstone" (2d ed. 1885); "Camiola, a Girl with a Fortune" (1885); "History of the French Revolution" (1897); the following plays: "The Candidate"; andidate White Carnation"; "His Little Dodge"; The "My Friend the Prince"; "If I Were King"; "Calling the Tune" (1913); "Fool of April" (1914).
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Mccarthy (JUSTIN an Irish his torian)
JUSTIN, an Irish his torian; born in Cork, Ireland, Nov. 22, 1830. He was a Home-Rule member of Parliament after 1879, and after the fall of Parnell, chairman of the Irish Parliamentary party. He spent three years (1868-1870) in the United States, traveling, lecturing, and engaged in literary work, being (among other things) connected editorially with the New York "Independent." He revisited the United States in 1886. He was Chief of the Home Rule party in the House of Commons from 1890 to 1896. Among his chief works are: "A History of Our Own Times" (4 vols. 1879-1880); "History of the Four Georges" (4 vols. 1889); the novels "Lady Judith" (1871); "A Fair Saxon" (1873); "Dear Lady Disdain" (1875); "The Right Honorable" (1886, with Mrs. Campbell-Praed); etc. "Modern Lea Leaders," a collection of biographical sketches, appeared in 1872. His latest work included "The Story of Gladstone's Life" (1897); "Modern England" (1898); "Reminiscences" (1898); "The Story of an Irishman" (1904); "Irish Recollections" (1911). He died in 1912.
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