Meadville
a city and county-seat of Crawford co., Pa.; on the Venango river, and the Erie, the Bessemer and Lake Erie, and the Northwestern Pennsylvania railroads: 120 miles N. of Pittsburgh. It contains Allegheny College, the Meadville Theological Seminary, City and Spencer Hospitals, public library, parks, street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, National banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It is in the heart of an agricultural region, and is a market and shipping point for the oil regions. The city has the Erie railroad shops, iron works, furniture factory, a vise and tool factory, flour mills, tanneries, machine shops, etc. It has the commission form of government. Pop. (1910) 12,780; (1920) 14,568.
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Meagher
THOMAS FRANCIS (mä'Hur), an Irish-American patriot; born in Waterford, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1823. He was the son of a wealthy merchant, and educated at the Jesuit College of Clongowes Wood, Kildare, and at Stonyhurst. He early devoted himself to the patriotic cause as a prominent and fearless member of the Young Ireland party. In 1848 he was sentenced to death under the "Treason-felony" Act, but was sent for life to Van Diemen's Land instead. He made his escape in 1852, studied law in the United States, but on the outbreak of the Civil War volunteered as a Union soldier. In 1861 he organized the "Irish brigade" and distinguished himself by his courage in the seven days' battles around Richmond, at the second battle of Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Antietam. He was drowned, July 1, 1867.
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Mealy Bug
an insect very injurious to pineapples and other exotics. It is reddish, and covered with a white powdery substance.
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Meaux
a town of the department of Seine-et-Marne, France, on the right bank of the river Marne, about 30 miles E. of Paris. It has a large trade in Brie cheese and other agricultural products; important meal and corn mills; manufactures of cotton, lumber, machinery, sugar, and steel. In September, 1914, it became famous as the turning point of the German drive on Paris. It was here that the German advance was stopped and that the German retreat to the Aisne began. Pop. about 14,000.
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Mechanic's Lien
a charge or lien placed upon real estate to secure the payment for labor performed, or materials furnished for the construction of buildings thereon. MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. See ENGINEERING.
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Mechanical College
an institution maintained by the State of Mississippi to further scientific agriculture and industrial education. It was founded in 1878 and is located at Agricultural College, Miss. Residents in the State receive free tuition, others pay a fee of $100 per year, the course leading to a degree lasting two years. The College is one in which instruction is military drill and government is given and a United States Army officer is detailed for service there. The students all wear a uniform prescribed by the au thorities. The enrollment is approximately 1,200, with a faculty of 105.
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Mechanical Engineers
AMER- ICAN SOCIETY OF, organization of engineers, manufacturers and professors of engineering, established in 1880 to promote the arts connected with mechanical construction, and having offices in New York. The membership has five divisions-honorary members, members practicing their profession for at least 10 years, associates connected with engineering science, associates not less than 27 years of age in active practice at least six years, and juniors of 21 years or over. It publishes numerous volumes on engineering topics and maintains central library of nearly 70,000 volumes in New York.
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Mechanics
that branch of practical science which considers the laws of equilibrium and the motion of solid bodies; the forces by which bodies, whether animate or inanimate, may be made to act on one another; and the means by which these forces may be increased so as to overcome those which are more powerful.
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Mechanicsville
a town in Saratoga co., N. Y., 19 miles N. of Albany, on Hudson river, and Boston and Maine railroad. Has manufactures of sashes, blinds, paper boxes, fiber, knitted goods, shirts, mattresses, and metal goods. The public buildings are handsome. Commission form of city government. Pop. (1910) 6,634; (1920) 8,166. MECHLIN. See MALINES.
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Mecklenburg
a territory of northern Germany, bounded on the N. by the Baltic, on the E. and S. by the Prussian dominions, and on the W. by Hanover, Denmark, and Lübeck; area, 6,266 square miles. It is divided into:
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin
former GRAND-DUCHY OF; a state of northern Germany bounded on the N. by the Baltic, on the E. by Pomerania and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, on the S. by the province of Brandenburg, and on the W. by Lüneburg and Lauenburg, and part of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; area 5,135 square miles; pop. about 650,000. The surface is undulating and the soil generally fertile. The climate is mild and healthful. The principal rivers are the Rechnitz, dals, who were expelled by the Obotrites Warnow, Stepnitz, the Elbe, a tributary of the Elbe, and others. Products, tempts to reduce this tribe to subjection; wheat, corn, hemp, flax, tobacco, etc. Manufactures, woolen and linen fab fabrics, cotton, paper, and glass; Mecklenburg- Schwerin is famous also for its distillation of corn-spirits, and has an extensive trade in farm produce. With the exception of between 3,000 and 4,000 Jews, the inhabitants are nearly all Lutherans. In 1872 the army was incorporated with that of Prussia. The only commercial towns and ports of consequence are Schwerin, Rostock, Wismar, and Ludwigslust. Schwerin is the political capital, but Ludwigslust was the usual summer residence of the former grand-duke. At Rostock is one of the oldest of the German universities (founded in 1419). The former grand-duchy became a republic in November, 1918.
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Medellin
(1) a town of Spain, on the Guadiana, 66 miles E. of Badajoz; the birthplace of Cortes. (2) The second city of Colombia, capital of the department of Antioquia, in a lovely mountain valley, 4,850 feet above the sea, and 150 miles N. W. of Bogota; is a handsome town, having a cathedral, college, seminary, technical school, and manufactures of pottery, porcelain ware, cigarettes, and jewelry; has a consider able trade, exporting gold and silver; pop. about 71,000.
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Medes
medz, an ancient people who occupied what is now northeastern Persia. They appear in history as the opponents of the Assyrians. They took Nineveh 606 B. C., but were themselves subjected by the Persians about 549 B. C. From that date the history of Media is bound up with that of Persia. The Medes appear to have been a warlike people. They worshiped the sun the moon, Venus, fire, earth, winds, and water. See Persia
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