Medford
a town in Jackson co., Ore ., 5 miles E. of Jacksonville, on the Southern Pacific and other railroads. Has U. S. Weather Bureau Station and five public buildings . Center of a rich agricultural district, and is adjacent to the National park. Has large refining industries and cityowned waterworks. Pop. (1910) 8,840; ( 1920) 5,756.
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Medford
a city in Middlesex co., Mass .; on the Mystic river, and on the Boston and Maine railroad; 5 miles N. W. of Boston . There are Tuft's College, a high school, public library, electric light and street railroad plants, waterworks, and the Craddock House, said to be the oldest building in the United States. The city has brick yards, machine shops, dye works, large fruit works, and boot and shoe, and carriage factories. Pop. ( 1910) 23,150; (1920) 39,038.
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Medical Association
AMERI- STATES ARMY. See MILITARY ORGAN- MEDICAL DEPARTMENT , UNITED IZATION, UNITED STATES. Vol. VI-Cyc-L MEDICAL DEPT., U. S. NAVY 174
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Medical Jurisprudence
that branch of state medicine which is concerned with the administration of justice.
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Medicine Hat
capital of the electoral division of Medicine H Hat, Alberta, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan river, Canadian Pacific railway, 165 miles S. E. of Calgary. Seat of Dominion Land Office. Has coal mines, gas wells, railway machine shop, grain elevator, and planing mills. Pop. about 7,500. mportant per-
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Medicine Man
an imp sonage among the Indian tribes who combines the powers of a wizard, necromancer, seer and prophet.
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Medina
a city of Arabia. It is situated about 250 miles northwest of Mecca, about 105 miles in a direct line from the Red Sea. In 622 the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hegira, took place. He died and was buried here. His remains rest in a tomb contained within the Great Mosque. The interior of this edifice measures about 390 by 500 feet. It is surrounded by galleries. The tomb, consisting of black stones, is concealed from the eyes of the profane by rich draperies. Medina was the capital of the Islam empire until 661 B. C. Being the burial place of the great prophet, it is one of the holy cities of the Mohammedans, second only to Mecca as a place of pilgrimage. The ordinary population is about 16,000. Medina is situated on a fertile plain, surrounded by a strong stone wall, fortified by towers. In 1908 a railway was completed from Damascus to Medina, a distance of 820 miles. It is the purpose of the Turkish government to extend the line to Mecca. See Mecca ; Mohammed
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Medina
a village of Orleans co., N. Y., 41 miles W. of Rochester, on Oak Orchard creek, Erie can canal, and New York Central and Hudson River railroad. Center of rich agricultural district and has manufactures of iron, furniture, pumps, pipes, and cigars. Picturesque Medina Falls are near by. Pop. (1910) 5,683; (1920) 6,287.
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Medina
or MEDINET- EL-NABI (me-de'net-el-nä'bē), "the town of the prophet," one of the sacred cities of Arabia. It is, next to Mecca, the great center of attraction to Mohammedan pilgrims, from its connection with the founder of the Mohammedan faith. This celebrated city stands in a plain, close to a chain of hills which bounds the great desert W. It is of an irregular oval form, within a walled inclosure of 35 or 40 feet high, flanked by 30 towers, which render Medina the chief stronghold of Hedjaz. Its most prominent building is the great mosque, Al-Harem, supposed to be erected on the spot where Mohammed died. MEDINA SIDONIA (mā-the-nä sẽdo'nē-ä), a city of Spain, 25 miles S. S. E. of Cadiz; on an isolated hill overlooking a wide plain; has the ruins of a castle, the ancestral seat of the dukes of Medina Sidonia, descendants of Guzman the Good, conqueror of Tarifa (1292), a member of which house commanded the "invincible Armada." Pop. about 12,000.
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Medjidie
Turkish a order of knighthood, instituted in 1852. It has been conferred on numerous foreign officers, soldiers, and seamen, who have taken part in wars on behalf of Turkey. Also a Turkish coin, value about $4.50 (gold); silver, about 80c.
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Medulla
a medical term for marrow. It exists chiefly in the central canal, in the long bones; blood-vessels, and even nerves, have been traced going in for the nutrition of the osseous tissue.
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Medulla Oblongata
the cranial prolongation of the spinal cord, of similar structure, but differing by a peculiar arrangement of the strands of the cord before entering into and forming a connection with the brain. In it are found the great ganglionic centers which control respiration, deglutition, vomiting, etc. Pressure of the medulla oblongata and not strangulation is the actual cause of death in judicial hanging. It is formed of two lateral columns, each divided into three smaller ones, and passes through the pons Varolii, terminating in the crura cerebelli.
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Meeanee
or MIANI (mē-ä'nē), a village in Sind, India, on the Indus, 6 miles N. of Hyderabad. It was the scene of a battle between Sir Charles Napier with 2,800 men and a Baluch army, 22,- 000 strong, on Feb. 17, 1843; the latter British loss was 256. The result of this were totally routed, losing 5,000 men; the victory was the conquest and annexation of Sind.
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Meehan, Thomas
me'an, Thomas (1826-1901), a celebrated American gardener. He was born near London, the son of an English gardener. He was employed in the Kew Gardens for two years. In 1848 he came to Philadelphia to take charge of Bartram's Gardens, now a part of the public park system of that city. Six years later he established the celebrated Germantown nurseries. He was for thirty years the editor of the Gardener's Monthly. In 1878 he began to publish The Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States . He founded Meehan' s Monthly in 1891. He was a member of various learned societies, and held the office of state botanist of Pennsylvania. He was a strong believer in the theory of evolution as applied to plants, and was a remarkably successful breeder of new varieties. See Burbank
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Meerut
or more correctly
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