Methylated Spirit
a mixture of 9 parts of alcohol, sp. gr. 0.920, with 1 part of pyroxylic or wood-spirit. This addition of wood-spirit renders it unfit for drinking, though it scarcely interferes with its power as a solvent.
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Methymna
The second city of Lesbos, stood at the north extremity of the island. It was the birthplace of the poet Arion and of the historian Hellanicus.
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Metratton
According to Jewish rabbinical legend, Metratton, the angel, is one of the agents by whom God the Father works. He receives the pure and simple essence of the divinity and bestows the gift of life upon all. He angelic hierarchies.
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Metre
A measure of length equal to 39.370 English inches, or 39.368 American inches, the standard of linear measure, intended to be the ten-millionth part of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole, as ascertained by actual measurement of an arc of the meridian. See METRIC SYSTEM.
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Metronome
an beating and dividing the time in music; a musical time keeper. It has a small pendulum which, being set in motion by clock-work, beats audibly a certain number of times in a minute; and this number may be altered by moving a sliding weight so as to give it the speed required. To be correct, the metronome should beat seconds when set at 60.
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Metropolitan Opera House
the home of grand opera in New York. The building of yellow brick and terra cotta is in the style of the Italian Renaissance and occupies the entire block bounded by Broadway, Seventh Avenue, 39th, and 40th Streets. The seating capacity is 3,426. It was first opened to public 1883, when the opera of "Faust" was given. the Oct. 22,
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Mettray
a village of France, 5 miles N. of Tours; noted for its great agricultural and industrial reformatory, the parent of all such institutions. It dates from 1839.
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Meudon
a town 5 miles S. W. of Paris, containing a château, rebuilt by Mansard for the Dauphin in 1695, and fitted up for Marie Louise by Napoleon in 1812, which was reduced to ruin during the bombardment of Paris in 1871, but has been restored. The Forest is a favorite holiday resort. Rabelais was curé of Meudon and the local church contains a statue of him. The sculptor Rodin had his studio and did much of his most famous work there. Pop. about 13,000.
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Meunier
CONSTANTIN, Belgian sculptor and painter; born at Etterbeek, near Brussels, in 1831, he studied sculpture and painting at Brussels, accomplishing his first notable work in the art in "The Burial of a Trappist." His works have taken their subjects largely from historical and industrial fields, "The Peasants' War," "The Descent of the Miners" being typical of the subjects that interested him. After 50 devoted himself almost entirely to he sculpture. His masterpiece is the "Monument to Labor" in the Brussels gallery. He died in 1905. MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE (murt-āmō-sel'), department in France; a formed after the treaty of 1871 with Germany out of what remained of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe; it has four arrondissements, Briey, Lunéville, Nancy, and Toul; area, 2,036 square miles; pop. (1906), 517,508; (1911) 564,730. The department belongs to the plateau of Lorraine, and is drained by the Moselle and its tributaries. It has very fertile soil, producing corn, wine, potatoes, fruit, beet-root for sugar, hops, etc.; possesses valuable iron mines; and is the first department in France for iron and steel, and the third for glass; there are also important manufactures of pottery, woolens, cottons, chemicals, tobacco, paper, beer, artificial flowers and embroidery work, etc.; rock salt is mined in large quantities. The department was the scene of almost continuous fighting throughout the World War, parts of it being occupied by the Ger- , mans. Capital, Nancy; pop. about_120 000. Other important towns are Luné ville, Toul, Longwy.
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Meuse
a river of western, Europe, flowing through the N. E. part of France, Belgium, and southern Holland; rises in the department of Haute- Marne, France, 10 miles N. E. of Langres, and after a N. E. course of 400 miles, nearly half of which is in France, it enters the North Sea by three mouths, the Meuse on the N., the Flakkee in the middle, and the Grevelingen on the S. It is navigable three-fourths of its length, as far as Verdun, department of the Meuse,
a department in France, touching Belgium in the N.; area, 2,405 square miles; pop. about 275,000. Cap ital, Bar-le-Duc. During the World War it was the scene of prolonged and heavy fighting. See MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLES.
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Mexican War
a war between the United States and Mexico, growing out of the annexation of Texas in 1845. Texas claimed the Rio Grande as her N. W. frontier, while Mexico insisted on the Nueces river. The United States supported the position taken by Texas, and war between the two countries was declared in 1846. During that year Gen. Zachary Taylor won the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma and forced Monterey to surrender. On May 23, 1847, he gained the victory of Buena Vista. In June of the same year General Scott took Vera Cruz and marched on to the City of Mexico. On the way he fought the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec. His capture of the City of Mexico, Sept. 14, 1847, virtually ended the war, and the treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo was signed Feb. 2, 1848.
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Meyer, Johann Georg
mi'er, Johann Georg (1813-1886), a celebrated Dutch painter. He was born at Bremen. He received his education in art at the Dusseldorf Academy. His first paintings were of Biblical subjects. Later he changed to domestic scenes. He signed his paintings Meyer von Bremen. He painted over a thousand different pictures. He is especially popular with children, as might be inferred from such subjects as See What Mother Has Brought, Who'll Buy a Rabbit? Birthday Morning, The Little Brother, Toll Paid Here, The Storks Brought It, In Which Hand? and The Pet Bird.
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Meyerbeer
GIACOMO bar), a German composer; born in Ber- (mi'erlin, Prussia, Sept. 5, 1791. His genius showed itself so early that at six years of age he played at a concert, and at nine was one of the best pianists in Berlin. He was taught afterward by Clementi and the Abbé Vogler at Darmstadt. He subsequently visited Italy, and fell under the influence of Rossini, in imitation of whose style he composed several operas. The first work which made him a man of mark was the "Crusade in Egypt." It was produced at Venice in 1824, and at Paris two years later. Meyerbeer became the favorite composer of the Parisian public, whose taste he satisfied by the popular works which followed, and which are now well known throughout the world. "Robert the Devil" was produced at the opera of Paris in 1831; "The Huguenots" (1833); "The Prophet" (1849); "Star of the North" (1854); and "Dinorah" (1859). He left the manuscript of another great opera, "L'Africaine" (The African Woman), which was produced in Paris in 1865. Besides his operas, Meyerbeer, wrote a "Stabat," a "Miserere," a "Te Deum," an oratorio, cantatas, and many songs. He was supreme in the French opera for more than 30 years, was associate of the Institute, and officer of the Legion of Honor, member of the Academy of Fine Arts at Berlin, and chapelmaster to the King of Prussia. He died in Paris, May 1, 1864.
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