Meningitis
the term applied generally to the inflammation of the membranes enveloping the brain. Acute simple meningitis as a rule involves the membranes extensively, but is more marked over the convexity of the cerebral hemisphere than at the base or any localized spot. The premonitory symptoms are usually well marked, as headache, gradually getting worse, heaviness, giddiness, irritability, and frequently sickness and vomiting. When the disease is established, it presents the following stages: (1) Excitement; (2) Transition; (3) Depression. The extent of the inflammation and its position on the brain determine the symptoms. There are acute and chronic forms of the malady. Cerebral meningitis, rare in acute form, is due to injuries, sunstroke, alcoholism and is very dangerous. Acute tubercular meningitis is due to inflammation of pia mater caused by deposit of miliary granules in the surface. Spinal meningitis is uncommon, due to injuries and generally fatal. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, or spotted fever due to a special organism. How transmitted is unknown. The use of a serum first obtained from the monkey, but now from the horse, has reduced mortality 30 per cent. except in chronic cases.
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Menobranchus
a genus of tailed amphibians, of the family Proteidæ.
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Menocal
MARIA GARCIA, President of Cuba from 1912. He graduated from Cornell University in 1890 as a civil engineer, which has been his work nearly all of his lifetime. During the years of the Cuban revolt against Spain, 1895-1898, he served in the Cuban army, but upon the conclusion of peace returned to civil life and became the managing director of the Cuban-American Sugar Company. In 1912 he was elected President on the Conservative ticket. One of the main desires and purposes of his administration has been to maintain very close and friendly relations with the United States. This policy, together with the fact that he was allied with the big business men of the island, brought considerable opposition from the Liberal party. His election for the second term was marked by considerable disorder, and the United States warned the Liberal leaders of its intention to intervene if the riots continued. When the United States entered the war against Germany Menocal showed his friendship by advocating similar action to the Cuban Congress.
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Menoher
CHARLES THOMAS, soldier and administrator; born in Pennsylvania in 1862, graduated from the U. S. Military College in 1886, and joined the Army War College in 1907. He was aid-de-camp to Brigadier-General E. B. Williston, U. S. Volunteers, in 1898, and was at Havana, Cuba, 1898-1899. During 1901-1903 he commanded the 28th Battery, Field Artillery (Mountain), and was on duty with the General Staff from 1903 to 1907. In 1907 he became provostmarshal and assistant to chief of staff, Army of Cuban Pacification. He was made lieutenant-colonel in 1911, and three years later was assigned to the Third Field Artillery. He was colonel MENOMONIE in 1916, and when the United States declared war served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France, being いい GENERAL CHARLES T. MENOHER made brigadier-general Aug. 5, 1917, and major-general Dec. 1, 1917.
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Menominee
a city and county-seat of Menominee co., Mich.; on Green Bay, at the mouth of the Menominee river, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul, the Chicago and Northwestern and the Wisconsin and Michigan railroads; 52 miles N. E. of Green Bay. It is among the largest lumber shipping ports in the world. It contains Menominee County Agricultural College, a high school, public library, hospital, National banks, electric lights, and several daily and weekly newspapers. It has a great variety of manufacturing industries, including shoes, paper, steel works, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,507; (1920) 8,907.
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Menomonie
a city and county-seat of Dunn co., Wis.; on the Red Cedar river, and on the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Omaha, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul railroads; 64 miles S. E. of St. Paul, Minn. There are the Stout Manual Training School, the Mabel Tainter Memorial Library, County Asylum for Chronic Patients, waterworks, electric light plant, National and State banks, and several newspapers. It has industries in lumber, brick, flour, gasoline engines, cigars, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,036; (1920) 5,104. Vol. VI-Cyc-M MENOPOME
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Menopome
Protonopsis horrida, a large North American amphibian in the Salamander order. It is widely distributed in the rivers of the Mississippi basin, and is well known as the "hellbender," "alligator," "waterdog," etc., names which suggest its fierce characteristics. It resembles the salamander in form, has four well-developed limbs, and a persistent gil gill-aperture. It attains a length of 18 inches to 2 feet, and has extraordinary powers of voracity and vitality.
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Mensa
or MONS (monz) MENSA, one of the 14 constellations which Lacaille added to the heavens in connection with his work at the Cape of Good Hope. It is named from the mountain which is a conspicuous feature of the landscape at the Cape. The constellation is a very inconspicuous one near the South Pole, its brightest star being only of 5.3 magnitude. It is surrounded by Octans, Hydrus, Dorado, Volans, and Chamæleon. sanguineous
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Menstruation
a flow from the lining membrane of the uterus, regularly returning once a month. It generally begins about the 15th year, indicating pubescence, and terminates about the 45th. It is sometimes prolonged, but cases are rare in which women above 50 years have borne children. There is, as a rule, no menstrual flow during pregnancy and lactation. The diseases incidental to the woman as a result of menstruation are numerous, the chief being menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. A similar flow of blood from the lining membrane of the uterus of oviparous animals. It generally recurs once a year, usually in the spring, though in the case of some animals from two to six times. In those that have undergone a change by domestication, as dogs and cats, the recurrence is usually irregular, depending upon various circumstances, as diet, temperature, etc.
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Mentana
a small village, 12 miles N. E. of Rome, where Nov. 3, 1867, the Garibaldians were defeated by the Papal and French troops.
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Menthol
a white crystalline substance obtained from oil of peppermint, and considered a valuable remedy in neuralgic affections of the face and head. The crystals are partially soluble in water, but entirely so in ether and the fixed and volatile oils. MENTONE (-tō'ne) (French Menton), a town in the department of Alpes Maritimes, France, pleasantly situated on the Mediterranean, 1/2 miles from the Italian frontier and 14 miles N. E. of Nice. Owing to its S. exposure, and the fact that spurs of the Alps shelter it on the N. and W., it enjoys a delightful climate (average for the year 61°) and so has become a favorite winter resort of invalids and health seekers from England, Germany, and other countries. The town stands on a promontory that divides its bay into two portions; the native town clings to the mountain side, while the hotels and villas for the visitors extend along the water's edge. The harbor is protected on the S. and W. by a sea-wall. Great damage was done to the place by an earthquake in February, 1887. In the 14th century it was purchased by the lords of Monaco, and, except during the period of the revolution and down to 1815, when France seized it, the princes of Monaco kept possession till 1848. In that year the inhabitants voluntarily put themselves under the protection of Sardinia, but that power yielded the town to France 12 years later. Pop. about 18,- 000.
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