Each of these 16 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
a town in Schuylkill co., Pa., in the midst of the anthracite coal-mining district. Three railroads enter the borough, the Pennsylvania, Lehigh Valley, and the Reading. An electric road connects it with Pottsville. Pop. (1910) 7,240; (1920) 7,845.
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BUREAU OF, a bureau of the Department of the Interior, estab- MINERVA lished in 1910 for the purpose of conducting scientific and technologic investigations relating to mining and the preparation and utilization of mineral substances, with a view to the increase of health, safety, and efficiency. It has devoted much attention to the problem of mine gases, rescues from mine disasters, and first-aid training for miners. It cooperates in its investigations with the mining departments of all the colleges and universities which have such departments. In 1920 the bureau had 11 mining experiment stations, 9 mine safety cars, and 7 mine safety stations. During the World War the bureau co-operated with all the departments of the government in the investigation of minerals, ores, and metals especially needed. The work of the bureau has greatly decreased the fatalities from coal-mine accidents.
SUBMARINE. See SUB- MARINES.
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a river of Spain and Portugal, rising in the N. E. of Galicia, flowing S. W. through the Spanish provinces of Lugo and Orense, and, after forming the boundary between Portugal and Spain, falling into the Atlantic Ocean; total length, 174 miles; it is navigable for small craft 25 miles above its mouth; a bar at the entrance prevents the passage of large vessels. Area of basin, 157,000 square miles. Its chief tributary is the Sil, which joins it from the left.
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a term applied to legislation tending to limit the downward tendency of wages, usually in favor of women. It is a part of that class of legislation which has been the entering wedge in the disruption of the old individualist principle that the field of industry and economics should be left entirely to free competition, or the law of supply and demand. It was in the Australian colony of Victoria that the first minimum wage legislation was enacted, with results so satisfactory to organized labor and its sympathi sympathizers that of further agitait became the subject tion in Great Britain and the United States, beginning about 1905. By 1920 minimum wage statutes had been enacted in Ariz., Ark., Cal., Col., Utah, Wash., Wis., Dist. of Col., Kans., Mass., Minn., N. D., Oreg., and P. R. Because of constidefined by the tutional limitations, as courts, it applies only to women and children. In Utah direct laws have been enacted, regulating minimum wage scales, while in other States the actual regulation is left to special commissions, with power to adapt the regulation to changing economic conditions.
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AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF, association established in 1871, having among its objects the development of the arts and sciences associated with the mining of minerals and metals and their uses in trade, and the publication of information connected with the industry and profession. The institute has its central offices in New York City and issues several publications in the course of the year, including the "Annual Transactions," and a monthly "Bulletin." It holds periodical meetings and has a membership approaching 6,000.
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the red oxide of lead, often designated red lead and commonly used as a pigment for ordinary purposes.
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the Siberian squirrel, which has fine white fur; also the fur itself.
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chalybeate sulphur waters in Bradford co., Pa.
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a river in the United States, which flows through Minnesota and falls into the Mississippi 5 miles above St. Paul; length, 470 miles. MINNESOTA, UNIVERSITY OF, a coeducational, non-sectarian institution in Minneapolis, Minn.; founded in 1868; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 976; students, 7,451; volumes in library, 280,000; income, $4,337,- 094; president, Marion Le Roy Burton.
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THE, so-called from the brevity of their writings, are 12 in number, viz., Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
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the second largest of the BALEARIC ISLANDS (q. v.), lying 25 miles N. E. of Majorca; length, 28 miles, average width, 10 miles; area, 293 square miles; pop. about 45,000. Its coast is rocky and inaccessible, but broken by numerous inlets, and its surface low, undulating, and stony. Its productions and climate are similar to those of Majorca, though the soil is less fertile. Chief towns, Port Mahon and Ciudadela (8,000).. The island is remarkable for its great number of ancient megalithic remains (called talayots) and its stalactite caves (at Prella).
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a city of North Dakota, the county-seat of Ward co., situated on the Mouse river, 200 miles W. N. W. of Grand Forks, and on the Great Northern, the Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Sault Ste. Marie railroads. It contains the State Normal School, a public library, court house, and Federal buildings. It is the center of a mining and milling region. The mines are of lignite coal. Pop. (1910) 6,188; (1920) 10,476.
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or COHASSET ROCKS, in Massachusetts, a promontory and lighthouse on the S. W. shore of Boston Harbor, about 8 miles S. E. of Boston Light; it exhibits a fixed light 66 feet high.
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A celebrated monster, half a man and half a bull, for which a number of young Athenian men and maidens were yearly exacted to be devoured. The Minotaur was confined in a famous labyrinth in Crete , where at length it was slain by Theseus , who was guided out of the labyrinth by a clew of thread given to him by Ariadne , daughter of King Minos .
Only in 1000 Classical Characters
chief town of Lithuania, on an affluent of the Beresina, 331 miles E. N. E. of Warsaw; existed in the 11th century; was Lithuanian in the 13th; Polish in the 15th; and was annexed by Russia in 1793; pop. about 120,000. The province of Minsk has a generally flat surface, and abounds in marshes, swamps, moors, lakes, and forests; area, 35,293 square miles; pop. about 3,000,000; less than 24 per cent. of the total area is actually cultivated. Self-governing since 1919.
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the church of an abbey or priory; but often applied, like the German "Münster," to cathedral churches without any monastic connection. MINSTREL (Old French menestrel, menestral), a singer and performer on musical instruments. Minstrels in the Middle Ages were a class of men who lived by the arts of poetry and music. The minstrels or jongleurs only recited or chanted poems, but did not write or invent them; or perhaps accompanied on some instrument the troubadour, who sang his own compositions. It was not an unusual thing for a troubadour to have several minstrels or jongleurs in his service. The minstrels in later times formed a separate guild, uniting for the purposes of mutual protection and support. With the decline of chivalry, the send yearly seven boys and seven girls profession of the minstrel also declined, and eventually sank so low that they are classed among vagabonds and beggars in statutes in the reign of Elizabeth. In the United States a term used to describe a negro stage singer of Southern negro songs, or a white singer blacked up to sing such songs.
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